Synonyms: Verbs About Physical Changes, Movement, or Location - ISEE Upper Level Verbal Reasoning

Since "mitigate" is a verb that means "make less severe, serious, or painful," we need to pick out a verb that means something like "assuage." While "exacerbate" might look like a good answer choice, "exacerbate" actually means "make a problem, bad situation, or negative feeling worse," so it is an antonym of "mitigate" and not the word we're looking for. "Alleviate," which means "make suffering, deficiency, or a problem less severe," is the answer choice closest in meaning to "mitigate," so it is the correct answer.

A good example where the word cleave is used is when you cleave a chemical bond, splitting a complex molecule into smaller molecules. Thus, cleave means to split or divide.

When something dilates, it means it increases in size or enlarges. For example, the pupils of the eyes typically dilate, or enlarge, in dark environments to let in more light.

An example of "atrophy" is when muscles atrophy there is a decrease in muscle mass. Thus, the best definition of atrophy is wasting away or shrinking.

The best answer choice is scatter since disseminate means to spread or disperse such as in the case of disseminating information.

If something is blighted, it means it is destroyed or ruined. For instance, crops can be blighted due to weather conditions.

"Cavort" is a verb that means "jump or dance around excitedly," or, informally, "apply oneself enthusiastically to sexual or disreputable pursuits." So, while we need to pick out an answer choice that has to do with movement, "amble" cannot be the correct answer because "amble" means "walk or move at a slow, relaxed pace," where "cavort" describes excited movement. "Caper," a word that when used as a verb means "skip or dance about in a lively or playful way," is the correct answer because it is the answer choice closest in meaning to "cavort."

"Transcend" is a verb that means "be or go beyond the range or limits of something abstract, typically a conceptual field or division," or "surpass a person or an achievement." So, while "concerned with" or "beleaguer" might each look like a potentially correct answer because each answer choice can concern abstract details, "go beyond" is the answer choice closest in meaning to "transcend," so it is the correct answer.

The word “hinder” can mean “behind” or “rear portion.” However, here it is being used in its more general sense of “to prevent something from acting fully.” A “hindrance” is like a “block” in the way of something’s activity. When one thing acts to “impede” another, it obstructs that thing’s action. The word “impede” literally means “to put something on the foot of (something else).” The “-pede” portion of the word is related to the English “pedal” and “biped.”

The word “migrate” is derived from the Latin root word for “to move or transport.” Among the options given here, only “relocate” signifies this general sense of the word. This word can apply not only to humans but also to animals. For instance, consider the sentence, “George was quite knowledgeable about the migratory patterns of spotted geese, which relocated themselves to Mexico every winter.” The word “migrate” is related to “immigrate” and “immigrant.”

"Enervate" is a verb that means "cause (someone) to feel drained of energy or vitality; weaken." So, we need to pick out an answer choice that means something like "weaken." "Fortify" cannot be the correct answer, then, because "fortify" can mean "strengthen or invigorate (someone) mentally or physically," making it an antonym, not a synonym, of "enervate." "Enfeeble," however, is a verb that means "make weak or feeble," and because "enfeeble" is the answer choice closest in meaning to "enervate," "enfeeble" is the correct answer.

When something is refined, it is cleansed of any impurities. For instance, one might say, “The water is refined so as to contain no solids by boiling the fluid and capturing only the vapor that rises from it.”

The word “taint” comes distantly from the Latin word for “to dye” and is likewise related to the English “tinge,” meaning, “to give a slight coloration to something.” The general idea expressed by “taint” is that something is being polluted or contaminated by another thing. One could say, “The water was tainted with fish blood, making it impossible to drink.” Likewise, one could use the term in a metaphoric sense like, “Ronald’s negative attitude tainted the positive spirits of the entire group, reducing everyone’s enjoyment.” When something is “adulterated,” it is corrupted, generally by adding something of worse quality to something of better quality.

Sometimes, you might hear an expression like, “Don’t ruffle his feathers; he gets very angry easily.” The word “ruffle” literally means to cause disorder in some manner, often applying to hair or perhaps a bird’s feathers when they stand up for mating or as a sign of aggression. It can be used in the general sense, implying merely that something or someone is causing disorder something else. Among the options provided, this is the sense to be chosen.

Sometimes, you might hear an expression like, “Don’t ruffle his feathers; he gets very angry easily.” The word “ruffle” literally means to cause disorder in some manner, often applying to hair or perhaps a bird’s feathers when they stand up for mating or as a sign of aggression. It can be used in the general sense, implying merely that something or someone is causing disorder something else. Among the options provided, this is the sense to be chosen.

“Scavenging” animals are those that live on the dead bodies of other animals. More generally, “scavengers” are those animals and people that search for whatever they need by looking in the waste and garbage of others. When someone “rummages,” he or she searches in a manner that is rather disorganized, often paying little head to the mess they make when performing his or her search. When someone scavenges, this is likely to be the manner of searching. For this reason, “rummage” is often used as a synonym of scavenge.

The word “truncate” comes from Latin roots for “to maim” (to wound by causing a body part to become useless). This word is generally applied metaphorically to mean “to cut short.” For instance, one can say, “The message was truncated unexpectedly, sending only the first half of the contents.”

The word “abridge” is related to “abbreviate,” which you likely know. Both terms in general mean to shorten from a longer form. The word “abridge” is used to describe the process or act of shortening a text. You can find abridged versions of long texts. Sometimes, these are used in classes to give students a general sense of the text even though they do not have time to read the whole book. The goal in abridging is to present the meaning of the text in spite of the shortening. Note that this can apply to any text, thus including things like movie scripts and poems.

The word “staunch” has two meanings. On the one hand, it can mean “faithful” as in, “He was a staunch supporter to the cause, regularly donating time and money.” The word is derived from a base that means “watertight” or “dried up.” In English, it has thus come to mean “to stop the flow of blood” as in, “He staunched the wound with thick bandages.” When used figuratively, it can mean the more general “to stop the flow.” For this reason, “restrain” is the best option among those provided.