Synonyms: Distinguishing Between Multiple Definitions

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ISEE Middle Level Verbal Reasoning › Synonyms: Distinguishing Between Multiple Definitions

Questions 1 - 10
1

Select the answer choice that is closest in meaning to the word in capital letters.

BURIED

Concealed

Dead

Departed

Descended

Deteriorated

Explanation

We tend to think of being "buried" in terms of physical burial. Whenever someone dies, his or her body is buried in the ground. This means that it is placed under the soil. It is this general sense of "placing under" that is the root of the meaning being used here. Whenever someone "buries" his or her feelings, that person hides them—sometimes even from himself or herself. Hence, the word "buried" could have "concealed" for one of its synonyms, as it does in this question.

2

Select the answer choice that is closest in meaning to the word in capital letters.

BRIGHT

Intelligent

Solar

Regal

Popular

Scholarly

Explanation

The word "bright" is a great example of how we metaphorically use language in everyday speech. We will sometimes say that someone is "bright" or that an idea is "bright," meaning that it is intelligent. Such "brightness" is like an "intellectual light bulb," helping to illuminate some topic with insight. Hence also, we will call someone "dim" when he or she is not very intelligent.

3

Select the answer choice that is closest in meaning to the word in capital letters.

CRITICAL

Important

Nasty

Malicious

Destructive

Understated

Explanation

The word "critic" comes from Greek and Latin words that mean to judge. When we "critique" someone or something, we give an opinion about that person or thing. Likewise, a "critical remark" is one that judges something, generally negatively. The word can also mean important when used as the adjective "critical." For example, at a "critical time," it is necessary to judge something one way or the other. This actually comes from the idea of judgment mentioned earlier. Something is "critical" because it requires a judgment—right now. By extension, we say something is "critical" when it is "important."

4

Select the answer choice that is closest in meaning to the word in capital letters.

SLEEK

Stylish

Unblemished

Wealthy

Industrious

Regal

Explanation

When something is "sleek," it is very clean and smooth. It is often used to describe the kind of smooth hair that a person or animal can have when we say that it is "slicked back"; however, this kind of clean and smooth appearance can also indicate that something is "in style" or at least elegant (as opposed to something that is a total mess). This is the way "sleek" is being used in this question, for the only acceptable option is "stylish."

5

Select the answer choice that is closest in meaning to the word in capital letters.

ELEVATED

Noble

Breezy

Redundant

Intelligent

Rocky

Explanation

The word "elevated" means, most generally, "higher than other things." Now, this most often is used to describe physical elevation—as in the elevated mountains in contrast to valleys and hills. However, it can also be applied to things that are elevated in the sense of being more noble or important. Thus, elevated discussion is discussion of important and noble things. Thus, among the words provided, the only option that directly recognizes such "heights" is "noble." Remember, "noble" not only refers to the person such as a prince or king. It also is an adjective meaning "excellent."

6

Select the answer choice that is closest in meaning to the word in capital letters.

SETTLED

Determined

Expected

Detailed

Visited

Excellent

Explanation

You certainly know the "physical" and literal meaning of "settling." Whenever you "settle" into a location, you start to inhabit that place. Thus, "settlers" are new inhabitants or colonists. Whenever someone is said to "settle" on an opinion, he or she decides to have one or the other opinion on a matter. A person who is of "settled" opinion is someone who has a determined and decided opinion on the matter. Hence, "determined" is an acceptable synonym for this question.

7

Select the answer choice that is closest in meaning to the word in capital letters.

CEMENT

Establish

Build

Pave

Crumble

Position

Explanation

The word "cement" is most familiar when it is used to describe the kind of hard material that we often see in sidewalks and as a general building material; however, the word generally indicates the process or material that helps something to "stay in place." Hence, as a verb, you can even use the word "cement" to describe something like a business agreement or a relationship. Multiple people can get together to put together an agreement. When it is "cemented," it has been firmly established. You can think of it like being "rock-hard" like the building material with which you are likely familiar.

8

Select the answer choice that is closest in meaning to the word in capital letters.

BASE

Immoral

Figurative

Militant

Infantry

Footstool

Explanation

You most likely use "base" in the physical sense, describing something that is at the bottom of another thing—as in the base of a statue or some other thing. However, the meaning can be extended to mean anything that is low. This often is used to describe low morals or bad moral standards. Thus, to call something "base" is to say that the thing is immoral or very unacceptable. Thus, the best option here is "immoral."

Several of the other options try to trick you. A footstool seems low, but it is not synonymous with "base" even in the first sense discussed above. Also, we do often think of "military bases." However, these "bases" are the actual physical locations for the soldiers. The word is not synonymous with "militant" or "infantry".

9

Select the answer choice that is closest in meaning to the word in capital letters.

PLOT

Scenario

Award

Shot

Angle

Discussion

Explanation

The word "plot" has several meanings. One main cluster of meanings has to do with areas of land—as when someone lives on a "plot of land." This, however, is clearly not the meaning intended among the options provided here. Instead, the options hint at another primary meaning to the word, namely, the storyline of a play or other drama. A scenario is a sequence of events—how they happen one after another. Often, the word can be used to describe a plot of a story as well (since stories are, in fact, sequences of events). Therefore, it provides an excellent synonym for "plot" as it is used in this question.

10

Select the answer choice that is closest in meaning to the word in capital letters.

VOCAL

Blunt

Sonorous

Melodic

Excited

Rousing

Explanation

The word "vocal" has several meanings, though all deal with the voice. They come from similar Latin roots, ultimately derived from "vox" or "vocis," meaning voice. A vocal person is "outspoken," not hiding his or her ideas or feelings. Such a person rarely speaks in an indirect manner. Instead, he or she is very direct in expressing these ideas. When something is "blunt" it is neither sharp nor pointed; however it can be very flat—like a wooden board. A blunt person's opinion will be expressed like a large flat board of wood—openly and without any kind of covering up! Thus, a vocal person is "blunt" in this sense—stating things directly.

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