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  1. ISEE Middle Level Essay
  2. Plan an essay by brainstorming and outlining.

ISEE MIDDLE LEVEL • ESSAY

Plan an essay by brainstorming and outlining.

A clear plan turns thirty minutes into a confident, organized essay that impresses admissions readers.

SECTION 1

Why Planning Matters: A Brief History

People have been organizing their ideas before writing for thousands of years. Ancient Greek speakers used a method called rhetoric (the art of persuasive speaking and writing). They would plan every argument before stepping in front of an audience. That same idea — plan first, write second — is still the secret weapon of great writers today.

350 BC
Aristotle's Rhetoric
The Greek philosopher Aristotle taught students to organize speeches into a beginning, middle, and end — the earliest form of outlining.
1800s
Formal Outlines in Schools
American schools began teaching Roman-numeral outlines (I, II, III) as a standard step before writing essays.
1960s
Brainstorming Goes Mainstream
Educator Alex Osborn popularized brainstorming — writing down every idea quickly without judging them — as a creativity tool.
Today
ISEE Essay Planning
Students taking the ISEE use brainstorming and outlining to craft strong essays in just 30 minutes. Admissions readers look for organized, thoughtful writing.

Here's the big question the ISEE essay asks you to answer: How can you write a clear, personal, and well-organized essay when you only have 30 minutes? The answer is planning. Spending just 3–5 minutes brainstorming and outlining saves you time, reduces stress, and helps you write a stronger essay.

SECTION 2

Core Principles of Essay Planning

Essay planning has two main stages. First, you brainstorm (write down every idea that comes to mind). Then, you outline (pick the best ideas and put them in order). Think of brainstorming as dumping puzzle pieces onto a table, and outlining as putting those pieces together.

1

Read the Prompt Carefully

Underline the key words in the prompt. What is it really asking you to write about? Make sure you understand the question before you brainstorm.
2

Brainstorm Freely

Write down every idea, memory, or example that comes to mind. Don't judge or cross anything out yet. Quantity matters more than quality at this stage.
3

Choose Your Best Ideas

Look at your brainstorm list. Circle 2–3 ideas that are specific, personal, and interesting. These will become your body paragraphs.
4

Build a Quick Outline

Arrange your chosen ideas into an introduction, 2–3 body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Jot down a few words for each section — just enough to guide you.
5

Write with Confidence

Now that you have a roadmap, you can write without worrying about what comes next. Your outline keeps you focused and on track.
✦ KEY TAKEAWAY
Planning an essay is like using a GPS before a road trip. You could just start driving and hope for the best, but you'd probably get lost and waste time. A quick outline is your GPS — it shows you exactly where you're going so you can enjoy the ride.
SECTION 3

The Two Stages: Brainstorm → Outline

The diagram below shows how brainstorming and outlining work together. Notice how brainstorming is messy and creative, while the outline is neat and organized. Both stages are important — you need the messy stage to discover great ideas, and the organized stage to present them clearly.

BRAINSTORMOUTLINEsoccer tryoutsmy grandmotherlearning pianobeing patientfailing a math testmy dog Maxworking hard pays offcampingINTROThesis: Hard work and patience lead to growthBODY 1Topic: Failing a math testDetail: studied harder → got an A next timeBODY 2Topic: Learning pianoDetail: practiced 20 min/day → played at recitalBODY 3Topic: Soccer tryoutsDetail: ran extra laps → made the teamCONCLUSIONRestate thesis + look forward
Left side: a messy brainstorm with 8 ideas in colorful bubbles. Right side: the 3 best ideas organized into a clean 5-part outline (intro, 3 body paragraphs, conclusion).

Look at the left side of the diagram. There are eight ideas scattered around. Not all of them are strong choices. The writer circled the three ideas with the most specific detail and moved them to the outline on the right. Each idea became a body paragraph with a topic and a supporting detail.

SECTION 4

How Brainstorming Works Step by Step

There are several brainstorming techniques you can use on the ISEE. The key is to pick one method that works for you and practice it until it becomes automatic. Here are the three most popular methods.

Method 1: The Quick List

Read the prompt and then write down every idea that pops into your head. Don't stop to think about whether each idea is good or bad. Just write for about 90 seconds. You should aim for 5–8 ideas. Then go back and circle your 2–3 favorites.

Method 2: The Web (Mind Map)

Write the main topic in the center of your scratch paper. Draw lines out from the center, like a spider web, and write related ideas at the end of each line. This method is great if you think visually. It helps you see how ideas connect to each other.

Method 3: The 5 W's

Ask yourself: Who? What? When? Where? Why? Answer each question about your topic. This method works well if you're writing about a personal experience because it helps you recall specific details.

💡 ISEE Test-Day Tip
You will have scratch paper (or space on the test booklet) for planning. Use it! Admissions readers only see your final essay, not your messy brainstorm. Spending 2–3 minutes brainstorming is never a waste of time.
THREE BRAINSTORMING METHODSQuick List1. soccer tryouts2. my grandmother3. learning piano ✓4. being patient5. failing math test ✓6. my dog Max7. hard work pays off8. camping trip ✓Write everything fast.Circle the best 2–3.Web / Mind MapHard workpianosoccermath testpatiencePut topic in center.Branch out with ideas.The 5 W'sWho?Me, my math teacherWhat?Failed a test, then studiedWhen?Last OctoberWhere?School, my roomWhy?Learned persistenceAnswer each question.Great for personal stories.
Three brainstorming methods side by side: the Quick List, the Web (Mind Map), and the 5 W's. Pick the one that feels most natural to you and practice it before test day.
SECTION 5

Building Your ISEE Essay Outline

Once you have your best ideas from brainstorming, it's time to build your outline. An outline is a simple map of your essay. It tells you what each paragraph will be about. For the ISEE, your outline should have four to five parts: an introduction, two or three body paragraphs, and a conclusion.

ISEE Essay Outline Structure
ParagraphPurposeWhat to Write in Your Outline
IntroductionHook the reader and state your main idea (thesis)A few words about your hook + your thesis sentence
Body 1First supporting example or storyTopic + 1–2 specific details
Body 2Second supporting example or storyTopic + 1–2 specific details
Body 3 (optional)Third example if time allowsTopic + 1 detail
ConclusionRestate your thesis and leave a lasting impressionReworded thesis + a forward-looking thought
✏️ Show, Don't Tell
When you jot down details in your outline, think about specific moments. Instead of writing "I worked hard," write "stayed after school 3 days to practice long division with Mrs. Chen." Specific details are what make your essay come alive for the admissions reader.

Your outline does not need to be pretty. It can be messy handwriting, abbreviations, or even little drawings. The only person who sees it is you. Its job is to keep you focused so you don't get stuck while writing.

SECTION 6

Worked Example: From Prompt to Outline

Let's walk through the entire planning process using a real ISEE-style prompt. Follow each step carefully.

📝 SAMPLE PROMPT
Describe a time when you had to try something new. What did you learn from the experience?

Planning This Essay in 4 Minutes

Step 1 — Read and Underline Key Words

The key words are try something new and what did you learn. This tells us the essay needs a personal story about a new experience AND a lesson learned. Both parts must be in the essay.
Two-part prompt: new experience + lesson

Step 2 — Brainstorm (90 seconds)

Quick list: (1) joined debate team, (2) cooked dinner for family, (3) went rock climbing, (4) moved to a new school, (5) learned to ride a skateboard, (6) tried out for the school play. Now circle the best ones. "Joined debate team" has a strong story and clear lesson — I'll go with that as my main example.
Best idea: joined debate team

Step 3 — Choose Supporting Details

For the debate team story, I recall: (a) I was terrified of speaking in public, (b) my first debate was a disaster — I froze mid-sentence, (c) my partner helped me practice, (d) by the third tournament, I won second place. These are specific details that SHOW, not tell.
4 specific moments ready to use

Step 4 — Write the Outline

Intro: Hook — "My hands were shaking so badly I could barely hold my notes." Thesis — Joining the debate team taught me that being scared is the first step to growing. Body 1: First debate — froze at the podium, embarrassed. Body 2: Partner Maya helped me practice every lunch period, gained confidence. Body 3: Third tournament — won second place, felt proud. Conclusion: Restate thesis — trying new things is uncomfortable, but that discomfort is where real learning happens.
Complete outline ready in under 4 minutes!

Notice how the outline uses short phrases, not full sentences. That's the point — you're creating a roadmap, not a rough draft. When you start writing, you'll expand each line of the outline into a full paragraph. This saves you from staring at a blank page and wondering what to write next.

SECTION 7

Strong Plans vs. Weak Plans

Not all plans are created equal. Let's compare what a strong outline looks like versus a weak one. Understanding the difference will help you create better plans on test day.

Weak Plan vs. Strong Plan Comparison
FeatureWeak Plan ✗Strong Plan ✓
Thesis"I like trying new things.""Joining debate taught me that being scared is the first step to growing."
DetailsVague: "It was fun" or "I learned a lot"Specific: "Froze at the podium, Maya helped me at lunch, won 2nd place"
StructureNo outline — just starts writing randomlyClear intro → body 1 → body 2 → body 3 → conclusion
TransitionsJumps from idea to idea with no connectionUses "After that," "However," "Eventually" to connect paragraphs
Time UseSpends 0 minutes planning, then runs out of ideas midwaySpends 3–5 minutes planning, writes smoothly for 20 minutes
✦ KEY TAKEAWAY
A strong plan is like a recipe for baking a cake. Without a recipe, you might forget the eggs or add too much sugar. With a recipe, every step is clear, and you end up with something delicious. Your outline is your essay recipe — it keeps you from forgetting important ingredients like specific details and a clear thesis.
SECTION 8

Managing Your 30 Minutes on Test Day

On the real ISEE, you get exactly 30 minutes for your essay. That sounds short, but with good planning, it's plenty of time. Here's how to divide those minutes wisely.

ISEE ESSAY — 30 MINUTE TIME PLAN
Plan (3–5 min)
Write Intro (3 min)
Write Body (12–15 min)
Write Conclusion (3 min)
Revise (3–5 min)
0 min30 min
Recommended Time Breakdown
PhaseMinutesWhat You're Doing
Plan3–5Read prompt, brainstorm ideas, build a quick outline
Write18–21Write your intro, body paragraphs, and conclusion following your outline
Revise3–5Re-read your essay. Fix spelling, add a missing word, improve a sentence
⏰ What If I Run Out of Time?
If you're running low on time, skip Body 3 and go straight to your conclusion. A well-written essay with 2 body paragraphs is much better than an unfinished essay with 3. Your outline helps you see where you are and make smart decisions about time.
SECTION 9

Practice Activities

Now it's your turn! Work through these five activities. They start easy and get more challenging. Each one builds a different planning skill that you'll use on the actual ISEE.

PROBLEM 1 — CONCEPTUAL
Read this ISEE-style prompt: "What is your favorite thing to do in your free time? Why is it important to you?" Use the Quick List brainstorming method to write down at least 6 ideas in 90 seconds. Then circle your best 2–3 ideas and explain in one sentence why you chose each one.
PROBLEM 2 — BASIC PLANNING
Using the same prompt from Problem 1 ("What is your favorite thing to do in your free time?"), create a complete outline. Include: (a) a hook for the introduction, (b) a thesis statement, (c) a topic and one specific detail for each body paragraph, and (d) a plan for your conclusion.
PROBLEM 3 — INTERMEDIATE
Here is a weak paragraph from a student's essay. Rewrite it so that it 'shows' instead of 'tells.' Original: "I joined the soccer team and it was really hard. I had to practice a lot. Eventually I got better. It taught me that hard work is important." Revise this paragraph by adding at least two specific details. Make the reader feel like they are there with you.
PROBLEM 4 — APPLIED
New prompt: "Describe a person who has had a positive influence on your life. What have they taught you?" Complete the entire planning process: (1) brainstorm at least 5 ideas, (2) choose your best idea, (3) list 3 specific details or moments involving this person, and (4) write a full outline with a hook, thesis, body paragraphs, and conclusion plan. Time yourself — try to finish in 4 minutes.
PROBLEM 5 — CRITICAL THINKING
A student created this outline for the prompt "Describe an important lesson you learned in the last year." Evaluate the outline and explain at least three specific improvements the student should make. STUDENT'S OUTLINE: Intro — 'Lessons are important.' Body 1 — 'I learned teamwork.' Body 2 — 'I learned responsibility.' Body 3 — 'I learned kindness.' Conclusion — 'These lessons are important to me.'
SUMMARY

Lesson Summary

Planning your ISEE essay takes just 3–5 minutes and makes the rest of your writing time much easier. Start by reading the prompt carefully and underlining the key words. Then brainstorm using a Quick List, Web, or the 5 W's method. Choose your 2–3 strongest ideas — the ones with the most specific, personal details — and build them into a simple outline with an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion.

Remember the key principles: always show, don't tell by using concrete anecdotes rather than vague statements. Include a vivid hook in your introduction, a clear thesis statement, and plan transitions between paragraphs. Save 3–5 minutes at the end to revise for spelling, clarity, and flow. A strong plan is your secret weapon for writing a confident, organized essay that impresses admissions readers.

Varsity Tutors • ISEE Middle Level • Plan an essay by brainstorming and outlining.