Synonyms, Antonyms, and Changes in Intensity

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HSPT Language Skills › Synonyms, Antonyms, and Changes in Intensity

Questions 1 - 10
1

Select the answer choice that is closest in meaning to the word in capital letters.

INNOCUOUS

Harmless

Vaccine

Indicate

Invariably

Conglomerate

Explanation

"Innocuous" is an adjective meaning innocent and harmless. For example: "The innocuous bull snake is often mistaken for the deadly rattlesnake."

"Invariably" is an adverb meaning always.

"Conglomerate" is a noun meaning distinct items that can be put together make a whole with distinct parts. A space station might be an example of a conglomerate.

"Vaccine" is a noun meaning a substance that makes the antibodies which inoculates a person against disease.

"Indicate" is a verb which means to point out or to show.

"Harmless" is an adjective which means innocent and inoffensive. Harmless has the most similar meaning to "innocuous."

2

Select the answer choice that is closest in meaning to the word in capital letters.

LAX

Negligent

Odious

Prolific

Remorseless

Tedious

Explanation

“Lax” means negligent, not giving enough attention to something, or not taking something seriously enough, so "negligent" is the best synonym amongst the answer choices. As for the other answer choices, “odious” means unpleasant, revolting, or disgusting; “prolific” means able to produce a large quantity of something quickly; “tedious” means dull and boring; and “remorseless” means not feeling guilty about one's actions.

3

Select the answer choice that is closest in meaning to the word in capital letters.

BLEAK

Desolate

Fertile

Abundant

Perceptive

Flagrant

Explanation

“Bleak” means desolate, bare, lifeless, and depressing. A situation can also be “bleak,” which means hopeless. As for the other answer choices, “fertile" can mean able to produce lots of vegetation and crops; "abundant" means found in large numbers; “perceptive” means insightful, sensitive, and noticing many things; and "flagrant" means overt and brazen and is often used to describe instances in which someone purposely breaks rules.

4

"Abhor" most nearly means                     .

despise

covet

desire

instigate

enhance

Explanation

To "abhor" something is to loathe, despise or hate it. You might "abhor" violence and refuse to watch TV shows that promote violence. "Covet" and "desire" both mean to want something, so these are antonyms of abhor. "Instigate" means to start something and "enhance" means to make better.

5

Choose the answer that best completes the comparison.

Combustible is to explosive as pliable is to                     .

flexible

rigid

stiff

playful

uncertain

Explanation

"Combustible" and "explosive" mean the same thing; just as "pliable" and "flexible" are synonyms.

6

Deny is to affirm as accept is to                     .

reject

acquisition

positive

declare

announce

Explanation

Clearly the words deny and affirm are opposites. When we deny an accusation, we refuse to admit that it is true at all. In contrast, an affirmation is a statement that something is indeed the case. Thus, the analogy is one of antonyms. The opposite of “accept” is “reject.” Though a rather simple answer, it is still the best option.

7

Potable is to contaminant as healthy is to                     .

disease

sanguine

intravenous

salacious

salubrious

Explanation

The word “potable” comes from the Latin word for “to drink” or “drinkable.” This latter sense still is retained in the English, as the word “potable” means either “drinkable” or “safe to drink.” When liquid is potable, it is free of any contamination. Thus, the analogy could be written, “As potable water lacks contaminants, so does something that is healthy lack X.” Among the options provided, only “disease” fits the needed sense of that which is lacking in someone who is healthy.

8

Choose the best answer that completes the comparison.

Advance is to retreat as ascend is to                     .

descend

rise

sprint

break

shout

Explanation

"Advance" is the opposite of "retreat," so therefore the opposite of "ascend" would be "descend," or to go down.

9

Answer the question by selecting the word that best completes the analogy.

Bitter is to sweet as pungent is to                     .

mild

spicy

acrid

acidic

harsh

Explanation

"Bitter" and "sweet" are antonyms, just as "pungent" and "mild" have opposite meanings.

10

Choose the word that best completes each comparison.

Lucky is to fortuitous as drab is to                     .

dreary

radiant

curtains

fortunate

costly

Explanation

"Lucky" and "fortuitous" mean roughly the same thing, just as "drab" is another word for "dreary."

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