A king is a type of ruler, thus the correct answer for this question will be the word that tells us what is the general type into which “reed” fits. You might know the word from being in band, for it is used to describe instruments like the clarinet and the saxophone. These instruments are called “reed instruments” because of the small wood-like portion used for producing the initial sound. The small item is actually part of a type of grass, which is called “reed.” Thus, the general class into which “reed” falls is the simple word “grass.”

An encyclopedia is a type of book; therefore, the bridge sentence for this analogy could be written, “Just as an encyclopedia is a type of book, so too is a cumulous a type of X.” A cumulous is a type of cloud. While it is something that can be described as being either aerial or fluffy, these latter options do not name the general class into which they are placed. That is only done by the general noun “cloud.”

"Neon" is a type of elemental "gas," just as "titanium" is a type of "metal."

"Bovine" refers to a "cow," while "porcine" refers to a "pig."

A "symphony" is a great work of "music," just as a "mural" is a great work of "painting."

This analogy might seem strange at first sight, but likely you have heard of the Siamese breed of cats. The word “feline” is an adjective meaning “catlike” or “related to cats.” “Siamese” are a type of feline. Thus, we want to know of what general class is a “borough” a type. The word “borough” is related to the “-burg” or “-burgh” that we find at the end of many cities. It is a type of living district that has some kind of representation or at least administration. A municipality is a local area that has a government. This word is a general class in which other things like villages, cities, and towns could be included. Thus, it functions well as a general class for borough.

A representative is person in a legislature, which is a law-giving body in a government. Thus, we could translate this analogy as stating, “As a representative is a member of a legislature, so is a earl a member of X.” The aristocracy is the upper class in a society, often by hereditary title, though there is such a thing as an aristocracy of excellence (a meritocracy). An earl is a type of high-raking noble in England. Thus, an earl is a member of the aristocracy. All of the other options are trying to make you answer based on non-essential properties. You need a word like “aristocracy,” which is an appropriate, broader class of which earls are members.

During the middle ages, the guilds were groups of merchants or craftsmen who gathered together for mutual aid, training, and so forth. Though the analogy is a bit off, think of them like medieval unions. (Remember, the analogy limps). Our analogy could be written, “As a guild is a type of association, so is a council a type of X.” A council is a body that gathers for deliberation and perhaps legislation. Not all assemblies are for this purpose, as one could have an assembly merely to listen to a speaker—as often happens in schools! The council can thus be called a type of assembly, the latter being a broader class.

In its original usage, the word “manuscript” indicated a type of text written by hand. (The “manu-” portion is related to the word “manual,” which means related to the use of hands—think of “manual labor.” The “-script” portion is related not only to “script” but to “scribe,” “subscription,” and other such words). We now use the word to describe an unpublished version of an author’s work, e.g. the “manuscript” of a soon-to-be-published novel that is still being edited. “Manuscript” is related to “text” as a member to a class, as though to say, “as a manuscript is a type of text, so is an apartment a type of X.” While the word “loft” might seem appropriate, it is at best the opposite of what you need (if not totally unrelated). A “loft apartment” is a type of apartment—an apartment is not a type of loft! The best option, as simple as it might seem, is “housing,” for an apartment is a type of housing.

A compendium is a small, though detailed, collection details regarding some topic. For instance, Thomas Aquinas wrote a little “compendium of theology” as short guide to theological questions in the thirteenth century. Here, it is best to read the analogy as stating, “As a compendium is a type of collection, so is a harangue a type of X.” A harangue is an angry and likely nasty type of speech. The other options might describe “harangue,” but none of them are general classes into which it might be placed.