Genetics

Study of heredity and variation in living organisms.

DNA and GenesMendelian InheritanceVariation and Mutation
Molecular GeneticsGenetic DisordersPopulation Genetics and Evolution
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Advanced Topics

Genetic Disorders

What Are Genetic Disorders?

Genetic disorders are diseases caused by changes or mistakes in genes or chromosomes.

Types of Genetic Disorders

  • Single-gene disorders: Caused by changes in one gene (e.g., cystic fibrosis).
  • Chromosomal disorders: Caused by changes in chromosomes (e.g., Down syndrome).
  • Multifactorial disorders: Caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors (e.g., heart disease).

How Are They Inherited?

Some genetic disorders are inherited in a predictable way (dominant or recessive), while others are more complex.

Diagnosis and Treatment

  • Genetic testing can identify many disorders before symptoms appear.
  • New treatments like gene therapy offer hope for curing or managing these conditions.

Why Study Genetic Disorders?

Learning about these disorders helps doctors diagnose and treat patients, and helps families understand their health risks.

Examples

  • A person inherits sickle-cell disease because both parents passed on the sickle-cell gene.

  • Down syndrome occurs when there is an extra copy of chromosome 21.

In a Nutshell

Genetic disorders are caused by changes in DNA, affecting individuals and families.

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