GED Science › Organelles
Which of the following organelles is found in plant cells, but not in animal cells?
Chloroplast
Golgi body
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria
One of the primary differences between plant cells and animal cells is that plant cells must be able to undergo photosynthesis. Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts, which contain the pigment chlorophyll. Chloroplasts are not found in animal cells, but are found in plant cells.
Both animal and plant cells contain Golgi bodies, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria.
What are the physical characteristics of mitochondria?
Double membrane, with inner membrane folds enclosing metabolic enzymes
Network of membranous channels extending throughout the cytoplasm
Nucleoplasm containing nucleotides, enzymes, nucleoprotiens, and chromatin
Stacks of flattened membranes containing chambers
Vesicles containing digestive enzymes
Mitochondria are organelles that have an unusual double membrane. An out membrane surround the entire organelle, and a second, inner membrane contains numerous folds, called cristae. Cristae increase the surface area exposes to the matrix of mitochondria.
There are tiny structures found inside of every Eukaryotic cell called organelles. Each organelles carries out specific functions.
Which organelle is responsible for converting the chemical energy found in food into ATP (molecules that cells use for energy)?
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
The mitochondria is the "powerhouse" of the cell and converts chemical energy (sugars) into ATP during cellular respiration.
Which RNA-based organelle is the site of protein synthesis within the cell?
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Vacuole
Lysosomes
Nucleus
Ribosomes are composed of a unique type of RNA, rRNA, and are located within the cytoplasm of the cell and on the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Here, proteins are assembled from amino acids piece by piece using instructions copied from DNA.
Which is not a major function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
Phagocytosis
Synthesis
Storage
Transport
Detoxification
The ER has four major functions: Synthesis, storage, transport, and detoxification.
Synthesis - ER membrane contains enzymes that manufacture carbohydrates, steroids, and lipids.
Storage - ER holds synthesized molecules absorbed from the cytosol.
Transport - Substances travel from place to place within the cell inside the ER.
Detoxification - Cellular toxins are absorbed by ER and neutralized by enzymes in ER membrane.
What is the outer boundary of the cell that separates the cell contents from the extracellular fluid?
Plasmalemma (plasma membrane)
Gated channel network
Glycocalyx
Cell wall
Cytosol
The plasmalemma (plasma membrane) has a complex structure composed of phospholipids, proteins, glycolipids, and cholesterol. The phospholipids form two distinct layers that don't allow dissolved ions and water-soluble compounds to cross the plasmalemma. This makes the plasmalemma effective in isolating the cytoplasm from the surrounding fluid environment.
Microscopic examination of a cell reveals that it contains many mitochondria. What does this observation imply about the cell?
The cell has a very high energy requirement
The cell has a very low energy requirement
The cell has a high demand for removal of damaged organelles or of pathogens
The cell has a high demand for neutralization of toxic compounds
The cell has a high demand for storage of genetic information
Mitochondia produce energy (ATP) required by the cell, if a cell has large amounts of mitochondria this implies the cell has a high energy requirement.
Which of the following is nota membranous organelle?
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosome
Nonmembranous organelles are always in contact with cytosol.
Membranous organelles are surrounded by membranes that isolate their contents from the cytosol.
Ribosomes are freely scattered in the cytoplasm and thus are nonmembranous organelles.
Where does ATP synthesis occur within the cell?
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Ribosomes
The mitochondria are organelles that are often referred to as the "power plant" of the cell. Mitochondria are responsible for extracting energy from food molecules and binding it in the high energy bonds of the ATP molecule.
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus within the cell?
Transport of materials packaged in vesicles to other parts of the cell or outside the cell membrane
The site of protein synthesis within the cell
Digestion of food and waste products
Manufacturing lipids such as steroid hormones
Synthesis of chemical energy from sunlight
The Golgi apparatus can be thought of as the "shipping center" of the cell. Here, proteins and other materials are packaged in vesicles which are transported to other sites in the cell or outside the cell membrane for "export".