GED Science - Cell Energy and Metabolism

Many chemical reactions are carried out by various cell organelles.

Which of the following cell organelles carries out the reaction described by the equation $C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6 O_2 \rightarrow 6 CO_2 + 6 H_2O + ATP$ ?

Mitochondria

Lysosome

Nucleus

Ribosome

Golgi apparatus

Explanation

The equation $C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6 O_2 \rightarrow 6 CO_2 + 6 H_2O + ATP$ is the equation for cellular respiration. Cellular respiration happens inside the mitochondria and chloroplast for those cells containing chloroplasts.

Photosynthesis is a process that plants use to create energy.

What is the formula for photosynthesis?

$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \overset{sunlight}{\rightarrow} C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$

$6CO_2 + 6O_2\overset{sunlight}{\rightarrow} C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6H_2O$

$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O$

$6O_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow 6CO_2 + C_6H_{12}O_6$

None of these

Explanation

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into glucose $(C_6H_{12}O_6)$ and oxygen .

Which step in cellular respiration results in the most ATP being produced?

Oxidative phosphorylation

The citric acid cycle

Glycolysis

Fermentation

Explanation

Cellular respiration is composed of many steps used to break down glucose and convert the chemical energy into ATP. Of the four steps described in the answer choices, oxidative phosphorylation via the electron transport chain is the most effective step for producing ATP. The electron transport chain can produce between 32 and 38 ATP from a single glucose molecule.

Where does glycolysis take place in the cell?

Cytosol

Mitochondrial matrix

Chloroplast

The intermembrane space

Explanation

Glycolysis is the first step of glucose breakdown in cells. This process takes place in the cytosol.

The second step of cellular respiration, the citric acid cycle, takes place in the mitochondrial matrix. The third step, the electron transport chain, takes place on the inner mitochondrial membrane and requires protons to be concentrated within the intermembrane space.

What statement about glycolysis is correct?

Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm, without the need for accessory organelles

Glycolysis requires the use of the cell's mitochondria

Glycolysis is the breakdown of an 8-carbon sugar to two 4-carbon sugars

Glycolysis is not a necessary function for the cell to produce energy

Only animal cells undergo glycolysis; plant cells do not

Explanation

Glycolysis is the first step in cell metabolism. It is responsible for converting glucose (a 6-carbon sugar) into two molecules of pyruvate (a 3-carbon sugar). Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm, where the sugar molecules interact directly with enzymes. After pyruvate is created, it is transported to the mitochondria for the remainder of cellular respiration (the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain).

Though plants undergo photosynthesis, they also use cellular respiration. Glycolysis takes place in both animal and plant cells.

Cell Energy and Metabolism

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