1ST GRADE SCIENCE • STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, AND INFORMATION PROCESSING

How Do Animal Parts Help Them Live?

Let's discover how a duck's special feet help it swim, find food, and stay safe!

What's Happening? 🔍

🔍 ANCHORING PHENOMENON

But look at a chicken. A chicken has feet too. Yet a chicken does not swim. If a chicken stepped in deep water, it would have trouble!

Why can a duck swim so well, but a chicken cannot? Let's look closely at their feet!

Duck foot vs. Chicken foot comparison
💭 Thinking Questions
  • How are the duck's feet different from the chicken's feet?
  • Why do you think the duck's feet help it swim?

Big Ideas About Body Parts 🧠

All animals have external parts. That means parts on the outside of their body. Eyes, legs, wings, and tails are all external parts.

Each part has a job. The shape of a part helps it do its job. Let's learn two big ideas!

1

Body Parts Have Jobs

Every outside body part helps the animal do something it needs. A bird's wings help it fly. A frog's long legs help it jump. A fish's fins help it swim.
2

Shape Matters!

The shape of a body part tells us what it does. A duck's foot is wide and flat like a paddle. That shape pushes water and helps the duck swim!
KEY TAKEAWAY
KEY TAKEAWAY

Let's Try It! 🔬

Scientists watch animals closely. They look at how body parts work. Let's do an investigation to see how webbed feet help ducks swim!

🔬 LET'S INVESTIGATE!

What you need: A bowl of water, your hand, and a plastic fork.

  • Fill a big bowl with water.
  • Spread your fingers apart. Push your hand through the water. Feel how easy it is to push.
  • Now hold your fingers tight together so your hand is flat. Push through the water again. What do you feel?
  • Try using a plastic fork in the water. Then try a flat spatula or spoon. Which one pushes more water?

When your fingers are together, your hand works like a duck's webbed foot. It pushes more water! That is how ducks swim so fast.

Our Hand Investigation — fingers apart vs. fingers together

What We Discovered 🎉

When we tried the investigation, we found something cool! A flat hand pushes more water than spread-out fingers. The water goes right between your fingers when they are apart!

This is just like a duck's webbed feet. The skin between a duck's toes makes each foot wide and flat. When the duck pushes its foot back in the water, it pushes a LOT of water. That is what makes the duck move forward!

A duck's webbed feet help it do three important things:

What Ducks NeedHow Webbed Feet Help
🍽️ Find foodSwim to plants and bugs in the water
🏃 Stay safeSwim away from danger quickly
🏠 Get aroundMove through ponds, lakes, and rivers
KEY TAKEAWAY
KEY TAKEAWAY

Do You See the Pattern? 🔎

Here is something really cool. The shape of a body part always tells us about its job. This is true for ALL animals! Scientists call this structure and function. That means the shape of something helps it do its job.

Let's look at more examples!

AnimalBody Part (Shape)What It Does (Job)
🦅 EagleSharp, curved clawsGrab and hold prey
🐇 RabbitLong, strong back legsJump far and fast to escape
🐢 TurtleHard, round shellHide inside to stay safe
🦆 DuckWide, flat webbed feetPush water and swim

See the pattern? The shape of a body part matches the job it does! Sharp claws are for grabbing. Long legs are for jumping. A hard shell is for protecting. Webbed feet are for swimming.

KEY TAKEAWAY
KEY TAKEAWAY

People Use This Idea Too! 🌎

People look at animal body parts to get ideas! When people wanted to swim faster, they looked at duck feet. They made swim fins that look just like webbed feet!

When you wear swim fins on your feet, your feet become big and flat like a duck's feet. You can push more water and swim faster. Isn't that cool? People copied the duck!

Nature gives us ideas — duck foot inspires swim fins!

This is what scientists and engineers do. They look at how animals solve problems. Then they use those ideas to help people!

Words to Know 📖

📖 KEY VOCABULARY
  • External part — A body part on the outside of an animal, like legs, eyes, or wings.
  • Webbed feet — Feet that have skin between the toes, making them wide and flat like a paddle.
  • Structure — The shape of a body part. What it looks like.
  • Function — The job a body part does. What it is for.
  • Needs — Things an animal must have to live, like food, water, and safety.

Show What You Know! ⭐

1
A frog has long, strong back legs. How do these legs help the frog meet its needs?
2
A squirrel has sharp front teeth that never stop growing. How do these teeth help the squirrel survive?
3
A deer has large ears that can turn in different directions. How do these ears help the deer?
4
A cactus plant has sharp spines on the outside instead of flat leaves. How do the spines help the cactus meet its needs?

What's Next? 🔮

🔮 WHAT'S NEXT?
Varsity Tutors • 1st Grade Science (NGSS) • Structure, Function, and Information Processing