1ST GRADE SCIENCE • STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, AND INFORMATION PROCESSING

How Do Animal Parents Help Their Babies?

Let's discover the amazing things animal moms and dads do to keep their babies safe and healthy!

🔍 What's Happening?

🔍 ANCHORING PHENOMENON

When the baby birds hatch, the mama and papa bird fly back and forth, back and forth. They bring tiny worms and bugs to feed the babies. The parents do this all day long!

A mother bird sitting on her nest in a tree, keeping her eggs warm
💭 THINKING QUESTIONS
  • Why does the mama bird sit on her eggs for so long?
  • What do you think would happen to the baby birds without their parents?

🧠 What Scientists Know

Animal parents do special things to help their babies stay alive. These special things are called behaviors. That means the things animals do again and again.

Different animals have different behaviors. But many animal parents do the same kinds of things! Let's learn about them.

1

Keeping Babies Safe

Many animal parents protect their babies. A mama bear will chase away danger. A bird will pretend to be hurt so a fox follows her instead of her babies.
2

Feeding Babies

Baby animals need food to grow. Some parents bring food to their babies. A mama cat feeds her kittens milk. A papa penguin carries fish in his mouth to feed his chick.
3

Keeping Babies Warm

Some babies cannot keep warm by themselves. A mama bird sits on her eggs to keep them warm. Emperor penguins huddle together in the cold. This helps their babies survive.
KEY TAKEAWAY
KEY TAKEAWAY

🔬 Let's Try It!

Scientists watch animals very carefully. They write down what they see. This is called observing. That means looking closely and paying attention. Let's observe like scientists!

🔬 LET'S TRY THIS!

Animal Parent Watching

You can observe animal parents, too! Here is how:

1
Step 1Pick an animal to watch. It could be birds outside your window, a pet cat or dog, or even ants on the ground!
2
Step 2Watch quietly for a few minutes. What is the parent doing? Is it bringing food? Is it sitting near the babies? Is it making sounds?
3
Step 3Draw a picture of what you see. Label it with words like "feeding," "protecting," or "warming."
4
Step 4Share what you found with a friend or your class. What patterns did you notice?
A diagram showing three animal parents and the behaviors they use to help their babies survive: feeding, protecting, and keeping warm.

📖 What We Discovered

When we watch animal parents, we notice something important. Many different animals do the same kinds of things.

Birds feed their babies. Cats feed their babies. Dogs feed their babies. The food is different, but the behavior is the same — parents bring food to their young ones!

Bears protect their cubs. Dogs protect their puppies. Hens protect their chicks. The animals look different, but they all keep their babies safe.

How parent behaviors of feeding, protecting, and keeping warm all lead to one result: baby animals survive and grow up.

All of these behaviors help babies survive. That means they stay alive and grow up. Without these behaviors, many baby animals could not make it on their own.

🔁 Do You See the Pattern?

Scientists look for patterns. A pattern is when something happens in the same way again and again.

Let's look at animals that are very different from each other. Do they do the same kinds of things for their babies?

ANIMALHOW IT HELPS ITS BABY
🐦 RobinBrings worms to feed baby birds in the nest
🐊 CrocodileCarries babies gently in her mouth to water
🐘 ElephantStays close to her baby and pushes it away from danger
🐧 PenguinKeeps egg warm on top of its feet for months
🦁 LionHides cubs in tall grass to keep them safe

Do you see it? A robin and a lion look nothing alike! But they both take care of their babies. That is a pattern. Many different parents do the same kinds of things to help their babies survive.

KEY TAKEAWAY
KEY TAKEAWAY

🌎 In the Real World

People use what they know about animal behaviors to help animals!

At the zoo, animal keepers watch parent animals and their babies very carefully. They make sure the mama has a safe, warm place for her babies. If a mama cannot feed her baby, the zookeeper will feed the baby with a special bottle.

Scientists who study endangered animals — animals that are very rare — watch how animal parents take care of their young. This helps scientists know what the babies need to survive.

🛠️ Can You Design a Solution?

📖 Words to Know

📖 KEY VOCABULARY
  • Behavior — Something an animal does. It is an action, like running, feeding, or sitting on eggs.
  • Offspring — The babies of an animal. Chicks are the offspring of birds. Kittens are the offspring of cats.
  • Survive — To stay alive. Baby animals need help to survive.
  • Protect — To keep safe from danger. A mama bear protects her cubs.
  • Pattern — When something happens in the same way again and again. Many animal parents feed their babies — that is a pattern.

✏️ Show What You Know!

1
A mother penguin keeps her chick warm by holding it on top of her feet and covering it with her belly. Why does the mother penguin do this?
2
Many mother deer lick their newborn fawns right after they are born to clean them. The fawn also has spots on its fur that help it blend in with the forest floor. What pattern do we see in these behaviors?
3
Baby elephants stay very close to their mothers for several years. The mother elephant uses her trunk to guide her baby and pushes it away from danger. What does this tell us about how some animal parents help their young?
4
A scientist watches three different kinds of birds. She notices that robin parents bring worms to their chicks, eagle parents bring fish to their chicks, and owl parents bring mice to their chicks. What pattern does the scientist see?

🔮 What's Next?

🔮 WHAT'S NEXT?
Varsity Tutors • 1st Grade Science (NGSS) • Animal Parent Behaviors & Offspring Survival