KINDERGARTEN SCIENCE (NEXT GENERATION SCIENCE STANDARDS) • MOTION AND STABILITY: FORCES AND INTERACTIONS

Use test results to decide if the design worked as intended.

We test what we build and use what we see to make it better!

Why Do We Test Things?

People have always built things. They wanted to know: Does it work?

Long ago, people built bridges. They had to test them to stay safe!

Let's look at how people learned to test their ideas over time.

Long Ago
First Builders
People stacked rocks to make walls. If a wall fell down, they tried again!
Old Days
Wheels and Carts
People made wheels. They tested if wheels could roll on bumpy roads.
Not Long Ago
Cars and Planes
Engineers tested cars and planes many times before people could ride in them.
Today
You Are a Tester!
You can test things you build, just like real engineers do!

Every time we build something, we need to ask: Did it do what I wanted? That is what testing is all about!

Big Ideas About Testing

When we build something, we follow a plan. Then we test it. That means we try it out to see what happens.

Here are the big ideas about testing a design.

1

Know Your Goal

Before you test, know what you want it to do. Ask: What is my design supposed to do?
2

Try It Out

Test your design. Watch closely. Use your eyes and ears to see what happens.
3

Look at Results

Results — that means what happened when you tested it. Did it work? Did it not work?
4

Decide and Improve

Use what you learned to decide. You can keep your design or change it to make it better!
KEY TAKEAWAY
Testing is like tasting soup you are cooking. You taste it. Is it yummy? If not, you add something. You taste again. You keep going until it is just right! Testing your design works the same way.

See the Test Steps

Here is a picture that shows the steps we follow. First we build, then we test, then we decide!

Follow the arrows! First you build. Then you test. Then you look at what happened. Then you decide if it worked. If not, change it and test again!

See the loop? If it did not work, we go back and try again. That is how real engineers think!

How Pushes and Pulls Help Us Test

A push moves something away from you. A pull brings something toward you. That means pushes and pulls are forces — that means things that make objects move or stop.

When we test a design, we often use pushes or pulls. We watch what the push or pull does.

🚗 Anchoring Phenomenon
Imagine you build a ramp out of blocks. You want a toy car to roll down the ramp and knock over a cup. You push the car. It rolls! But it misses the cup. The ramp needs to be changed. You test again!

When you push a toy car, a bigger push makes it go faster. A smaller push makes it go slower. We can watch how far it goes. That is our test result!

We look at the test result. Then we decide: did the car knock over the cup? If yes, the design worked. If no, we change something and try again.

Testing a Ramp: A Closer Look

Let's look more closely at our ramp test. We can change different parts and see what happens.

Test 1 shows a low ramp. The car stopped before the cup. Test 2 shows a tall ramp. The car went farther and knocked the cup over! The tall ramp design worked.
Ramp Test Results
What We TestedWhat HappenedDid It Work?
Low rampCar stopped too soonNo ✗
Tall rampCar knocked over the cupYes ✓

The test results told us which ramp worked. We used what we saw to decide!

Worked Example: The Ball Slide

Let's walk through a test together! Maya builds a slide for a ball. She wants the ball to land in a basket.

Did Maya's Ball Slide Work?
1
Step 1 — Know the GoalMaya wants the ball to slide down and land inside the basket.
Goal: Ball lands in the basket.
2
Step 2 — Build and TestMaya sets up a cardboard slide. She lets the ball go at the top. She watches carefully.
The ball rolls off the slide and lands on the floor, not in the basket.
3
Step 3 — Look at the ResultsMaya saw the ball missed the basket. The ball flew too far to the right.
Result: The ball missed. The design did NOT work.
4
Step 4 — Decide and ChangeMaya moves the basket to the right. She tests again. This time the ball lands in the basket!
It works now! Maya used her test results to fix her design!

Maya watched what happened. She used her test results to make a change. Then she tested again. Great job, Maya!

What Works and What Doesn't

Sometimes a design works on the first try. Sometimes it does not. Both are okay! Let's compare.

Works vs. Doesn't Work
When It Works ✓When It Doesn't ✗
It did what you wanted!It did not do what you wanted.
You can keep the design.You can change something.
You still learned from testing!You still learned from testing!
💡 KEY TAKEAWAY
When a design does not work, that is NOT a mistake. It is learning! Think about learning to ride a bike. You might wobble or fall at first. Each try teaches you something. You get better every time. Testing a design is just like that!

Growing as Young Engineers

You are already learning to think like an engineer! That means someone who designs and builds things to solve problems.

Now vs. Next
What You Do NowWhat Comes Next
Test one designCompare two designs side by side
Say if it worked or notExplain why it worked or not
Change one thingChange different things and compare

As you grow, you will learn to test even more! You will compare different designs. You will use numbers to measure. For now, keep watching, testing, and having fun!

Practice Problems

New Scenario: The Paper Boat
Kai made a paper boat. He wants it to float across a tub of water when he blows on it. He blows on the boat and watches what happens.
PROBLEM 1CONCEPTUAL
What is Kai's goal for his paper boat? A) The boat should sink. B) The boat should float across the tub. C) The boat should fly in the air.
PROBLEM 2BASIC OBSERVATION
Kai blows on the boat. It tips over and fills with water. What is the test result? A) The boat floated across the tub. B) The boat tipped over and got wet. C) The boat flew away.
PROBLEM 3INTERMEDIATE
The boat tipped over. Did Kai's design work as intended? A) Yes, it worked perfectly. B) No, it did not do what he wanted. C) We cannot tell.
PROBLEM 4APPLIED
Kai wants to fix his boat. What should he do next? A) Give up and throw it away. B) Change the boat and test again. C) Never test anything again.
PROBLEM 5CRITICAL THINKING
Think and share: Kai's friend Mia also makes a boat. Hers floats across without tipping. What can Kai learn from looking at Mia's boat? Tell a friend or a grown-up your idea.

What We Learned

When we build something, we test it to see what happens. We look at the test results — that means what we see during the test. Then we decide if the design did what we wanted. We compare what happened to our goal.

If the design did not work, that is okay! We change something and test again. Pushes and pulls are forces that help us move things in our tests. Every test teaches us something new. You are thinking like an engineer!

Varsity Tutors • Kindergarten Science (Next Generation Science Standards) • Use test results to decide if the design worked as intended.