2ND GRADE SCIENCE • K-2 ENGINEERING DESIGN

How Can We Ask Questions to Make Things Better?

When something is not working well, we can ask questions to figure out how to fix it!

What's Happening?

🔍 Anchoring Phenomenon

The playground is not working well right now. Kids want to play, but it is hard and messy. What should we do?

A playground with a slide that has a big puddle at the bottom and muddy swings
💭 Thinking Questions

Big Ideas

When something is not working well, people want to change it. But before we can fix a problem, we need to understand it. The best way to understand a problem is to ask questions!

Engineers (people who design and build things) always start by asking questions. They do not jump to fixing right away. First, they want to know: What is wrong? Who is it a problem for? What do people need?

1

Find the Problem

A problem is something that is not working the way people want. We look around and notice what is wrong. We describe what we see.
2

Ask Questions About It

Good questions help us learn more about the problem. We ask what, why, who, and how questions. Each question teaches us something new!
KEY TAKEAWAY
Key Takeaway

Let's Try It!

🔬 Let's Investigate

What to do:

  • Look at the playground picture. Name every problem you can see. (Puddle at the slide, mud by the swings, slippery ground.)
  • Think about who uses the playground. What do they need? (A safe, dry place to play.)
  • Ask questions! Write or say as many questions as you can about the problem. Here are some starters: "Why does…?" "What if…?" "How could we…?"
  • Sort your questions. Which ones would help you most if you wanted to fix the playground?
Sorting our questions into helpful groups

Did you notice? We sorted our questions into three groups. First we figure out what the problem is. Then we ask why it happens. Then we think about how to fix it. This is what engineers do!

What We Found Out

When we asked questions about the muddy playground, we learned a lot! Let's see what our questions taught us.

We asked: "Where is the puddle?" We found out the puddle is right at the bottom of the slide. That means kids get wet every time they slide down. That's important to know!

We asked: "Why does water stay there?" We found out the ground at the bottom of the slide dips down. Water always flows to the lowest spot. So rain water collects right where kids land!

We asked: "What could we put on the ground?" We thought of ideas like rubber mats, sand, or wood chips. Each idea is different. We need to think about which one works best.

Before and after asking questions about the problem

See the difference? Before asking questions, all we knew was "it's a mess." After asking questions, we know what is wrong, why it happens, and ideas to try. Questions made us so much smarter about the problem!

Do You See the Pattern?

Here is something cool. Asking questions to understand a problem works everywhere! It's not just for playgrounds. Let's look at some examples.

The ProblemA Good Question to Ask
🪴 The class plant is droopy"When did we last water it?" "Is it getting enough light?"
🚶 The hallway is too loud"When is it loudest?" "What are people doing that makes noise?"
📦 The toy bin keeps falling over"Is it too full?" "Is the bin the right shape?"
🌊 The muddy playground"Where does water collect?" "Why is the ground so soft?"

Do you see the pattern? Every time someone wants to change a situation, the first step is the same: ask questions! Questions help us understand the cause (why it happens) so we can plan a good fix (the effect we want).

KEY TAKEAWAY
Key Takeaway

People Use This Every Day!

Asking questions to solve problems is something real engineers do every day. Here are some examples:

1

🏗️ Building Engineers

When a bridge gets cracks, engineers ask: "Where are the cracks? How old is the bridge? What makes the cracks worse?" Then they fix it the right way.
2

👨‍⚕️ Doctors

When you feel sick, the doctor asks you questions: "Where does it hurt? When did it start? What did you eat?" The answers help the doctor help you!

You can be an engineer too! Think about something in your classroom, home, or school that you wish was better. What questions could you ask to learn more about it?

🛠️ Design Challenge

Key Words to Remember

📖 Key Vocabulary
  • Problem — Something that is not working the way people want it to.
  • Question — Something you ask to learn more. Questions often start with who, what, where, when, why, or how.
  • Engineer — A person who designs and builds things to solve problems.
  • Solution — An idea for fixing a problem.
  • Cause and Effect — The cause is WHY something happens. The effect is WHAT happens because of it.

Show What You Know!

1
Some children notice that their school garden plants keep drying out. What is the BEST first question to ask?
2
A family wants to keep their dog from running out of the yard. Why is it important to ask questions BEFORE building a solution?
3
Students want to make their classroom library easier to use. Books keep falling off the shelves. Which question would BEST help them understand the problem?
4
People at a park notice that the trash cans overflow every weekend. Which question helps them learn about the situation they want to change?

What's Next?

🔮 What's Next?
Varsity Tutors • 2nd Grade Science (NGSS) • Asking Questions for Engineering Design