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Biochemistry Quiz: Translation And The Genetic Code
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Translation And The Genetic CodeQuestion 1 of 1
A research team is investigating the effects of various compounds on bacterial translation. They treat bacterial cultures with different concentrations of three compounds and measure the incorporation of radioactively labeled amino acids into newly synthesized proteins. The results show:
Compound A: Reduces amino acid incorporation by 95% but does not affect mRNA binding to ribosomes. Compound B: Reduces amino acid incorporation by 60% and causes accumulation of peptidyl-tRNAs. Compound C: Reduces amino acid incorporation by 85% and prevents ribosome binding to mRNA.
Based on these experimental results, which conclusion about the mechanism of action of these compounds is most strongly supported?
ACompound A inhibits aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, Compound B inhibits peptidyl transferase, and Compound C disrupts ribosome assembly.
BCompound A inhibits peptidyl transferase, Compound B inhibits ribosome translocation, and Compound C inhibits translation initiation.
CCompound A disrupts ribosome translocation, Compound B inhibits aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, and Compound C inhibits peptidyl transferase.
DCompound A inhibits translocation, Compound B inhibits peptide release factors, and Compound C disrupts ribosome assembly.
Biochemistry Quiz
Biochemistry Quiz: Translation And The Genetic Code
Practice Translation And The Genetic Code in Biochemistry with focused quiz questions that help you check what you know, review explanations, and build confidence with test-style prompts.
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Question 1
A research team is investigating the effects of various compounds on bacterial translation. They treat bacterial cultures with different concentrations of three compounds and measure the incorporation of radioactively labeled amino acids into newly synthesized proteins. The results show:
Compound A: Reduces amino acid incorporation by 95% but does not affect mRNA binding to ribosomes. Compound B: Reduces amino acid incorporation by 60% and causes accumulation of peptidyl-tRNAs. Compound C: Reduces amino acid incorporation by 85% and prevents ribosome binding to mRNA.
Based on these experimental results, which conclusion about the mechanism of action of these compounds is most strongly supported?
- Compound A inhibits aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, Compound B inhibits peptidyl transferase, and Compound C disrupts ribosome assembly.
- Compound A inhibits peptidyl transferase, Compound B inhibits ribosome translocation, and Compound C inhibits translation initiation. (correct answer)
- Compound A disrupts ribosome translocation, Compound B inhibits aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, and Compound C inhibits peptidyl transferase.
- Compound A inhibits translocation, Compound B inhibits peptide release factors, and Compound C disrupts ribosome assembly.
Explanation: Compound A nearly eliminates protein synthesis but doesn't affect mRNA binding, indicating inhibition of peptidyl transferase (the catalytic step of translation). Compound B causes peptidyl-tRNA accumulation, which occurs when ribosomes cannot translocate after peptide bond formation, indicating translocation inhibition. Compound C prevents ribosome-mRNA binding, suggesting interference with translation initiation. The other options incorrectly match the observed effects with the wrong mechanisms.