Building Blocks of Life

Living organisms are made up of four major types of macromolecules: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. These large molecules are essential for structure, function, and information storage in cells.

Carbohydrates

• Provide energy and structural support.
• Common examples include glucose, starch, and cellulose.

Proteins

• Made of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
• Act as enzymes, hormones, and structural components.

Lipids

• Include fats, oils, and phospholipids.
• Store energy and form cell membranes.

Nucleic Acids

• DNA and RNA store and transmit genetic information.

Understanding macromolecules helps explain how cells grow, communicate, and respond to their environment.

Why Are Macromolecules Important?

• They are involved in almost every process within living organisms.
• Disruption in their structure or function leads to diseases.