Science and Technology 1750 to 1900

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AP World History: Modern › Science and Technology 1750 to 1900

Questions 1 - 10
1

The period of the Industrial Revolution was marked by a rapid population increase, which of the following is not a reason of this increase?

Downturn in warfare

Improved medicine

Better sanitation

Greater food supply

Explanation

The Industrial Revolution saw many major advancements that helped to improve the day-to-day lives of people the world over. These changes also helped to extend the average lifespan of people, thus making the population grow tremendously. There was, however, no downturn in the amount or scale of warfare during the period of the Industrial Revolution.

2

What nation was the first to experience the Industrial Revolution?

Britain

France

United States

Germany

Explanation

Britain began experiencing the Industrial Revolution decades earlier than the rest of the world. This is due to the many advantages that Britain had over the rest of the world in terms of supplies of resources and technology. While Britain begins the Industrial Revolution in the mid-1700's, the rest of the world won't catch up until nearly 100 years later.

3

Which of the following is not an advantage that Britain had in the Industrial Revolution?

Britain's large academic population

Many rivers

Many colonies

Government aide to businesses

Explanation

While Britain did have large academic societies surrounding their many universities, they did not have substantially larger academic groups than any other nation. For example, the nation of Prussia overall was the most educated nation on the planet at this point in history due to their compulsory school system.

4

Which one of these is an advantage that Britain had in beginning the Industrial Revolution?

Large iron and coal deposits

Britain is an island

Large smelting facilities

Britain's highly educated workforce

Explanation

Iron and coal were essential needs of any nation attempting to be an industrial power. Britain had access to some of the largest deposits of these resources anywhere in the world at the time. This gave them a serious leg up on the competition because they could expand much more rapidly due to this supply.

5

During the Industrial Revolution a process of varying where certain food was grown each year was implemented. What was the name for this process?

Crop Rotation

Cover Crops

Soil Enrichment

Vertical Farming

Explanation

Crop Rotation was meant to help farmers improve their yield each year. This process consisted of changing which field farmers grew each crop in each year. This meant that since each crop took certain nutrients out of the soil, the soil had a chance to recover before growing that same plant again.

6

During the Industrial Revolution a machine was invented that was the first to be widely used for planting seeds and covering them for a farmer. What was it called?

The seed drill

The seed plow

The farm planter

The planting

Explanation

The seed drill was not a new invention; however, until the mid 1800's the seed drill had never been a practical or effective machine. This changed in the Industrial Revolution when inventing hit a new high. The newly made seed drill could effectively plant seeds in the ground and cover them up, saving farmers countless hours.

7

The Industrial Revolution invention that could spin several spools of thread at once was called what?

Spinning Jenny

Spinning Wheel

Loom

Cotton Gin

Explanation

The spinning wheel was the precursor to the Spinning Jenny. The primary difference was that a spinning wheel could only spin one spool of thread at any given time, but the spinning jenny could spin several thread spools at once. This significantly accelerated the work process for textile factories.

8

What new invention in aquatic travel greatly reduced the time spent at sea during the Industrial Revolution?

The Steamboat

The modern compass

More efficient sails

Engine turbines

Explanation

The steamboat was a revolution in the sailing business. By incorporating a steam engine into the ship as the main form of propulsion it significantly increased the speed of ships and therefore greatly reduced the time ships had to spend traveling from place to place.

9

What new land based invention took the western world by storm during the Industrial Revolution?

Railroad

Automobiles

Trolley

Airplane

Explanation

The railroad began to be a ubiquitous sight in most developed nations in the 1800's. The railroad had become the main form of transportation over any great distance thanks to the invention of the steam engine and the ability to lay tracks for trains. While trolleys would be a common sight in cities, they came much later after the end of the Industrial Revolution. The same could be said for automobiles, which did not gain widespread use until well after the turn of the 20th Century.

10

What were working conditions like in Industrial Revolution era mills and factories?

Extremely hazardous and dangerous

Somewhat hazardous and dangerous

Very hazardous and dangerous

Not hazardous and dangerous

Explanation

If Dante had been alive to witness these factories and the conditions people worked in them, he may have used them for inspiration when writing his famed book "Inferno." The chemicals that people breathed in while working hour days were borderline deadly. Add this to the extremely low pay and the high risk of being maimed by the machinery and these factories become terrible places to work.

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