The Peleponessian War (431-404 BCE) completely transformed Greek politics, economics, and culture. The war pitted the democratic Athens and its similarly minded allies with authoritarian Sparta and its allies, which saw the entirety of ancient Greece divided along geographic and philosophical lines in a contested series of cil wars. Sparta's eventual victory in the conflict made Athens destitute and greatly weakened their allies as well, restructuring the power based of the entire Greek lands.

The Peleponessian War (431-404 BCE) completely transformed Greek politics, economics, and culture. The war pitted the democratic Athens and its similarly minded allies with authoritarian Sparta and its allies, which saw the entirety of ancient Greece divided along geographic and philosophical lines in a contested series of cil wars. Sparta's eventual victory in the conflict made Athens destitute and greatly weakened their allies as well, restructuring the power based of the entire Greek lands.

Saul was the first king of the Hebrews and is best remembered for facing off against the Philistines. David followed Saul and is remembered as the conqueror of Jerusalem.

The Roman Empire lasted for almost a thousand years as the preemiment military and political power in Europe. At its height, the Roman Empire stretched from Scotland to Syria, Spain to Eastern Europe, and throughout North Africa; however, from about the fourth century CE onwards, Roman power was in decline. There are a myriad of reasons why the Roman Empire fell, and each historian has his or her own theory, but the most important reasons are as follows: barbarian invasions, as Germanic tribes sacked Rome and other imperial cities; economic stagnation, as Romans became overreliant on slave labor; weak leadership from a series of poor and ineffectual emperors; the rise of Christianity eroding traditional Roman values and systems of power; and overexpansion, as the empire simply became too vast to effectively maintain and police.

Saul was the first king of the Hebrews and is best remembered for facing off against the Philistines. David followed Saul and is remembered as the conqueror of Jerusalem.

Saul was the first king of the Hebrews and is best remembered for facing off against the Philistines. David followed Saul and is remembered as the conqueror of Jerusalem.

The Roman Empire lasted for almost a thousand years as the preemiment military and political power in Europe. At its height, the Roman Empire stretched from Scotland to Syria, Spain to Eastern Europe, and throughout North Africa; however, from about the fourth century CE onwards, Roman power was in decline. There are a myriad of reasons why the Roman Empire fell, and each historian has his or her own theory, but the most important reasons are as follows: barbarian invasions, as Germanic tribes sacked Rome and other imperial cities; economic stagnation, as Romans became overreliant on slave labor; weak leadership from a series of poor and ineffectual emperors; the rise of Christianity eroding traditional Roman values and systems of power; and overexpansion, as the empire simply became too vast to effectively maintain and police.

The Roman Empire lasted for almost a thousand years as the preemiment military and political power in Europe. At its height, the Roman Empire stretched from Scotland to Syria, Spain to Eastern Europe, and throughout North Africa; however, from about the fourth century CE onwards, Roman power was in decline. There are a myriad of reasons why the Roman Empire fell, and each historian has his or her own theory, but the most important reasons are as follows: barbarian invasions, as Germanic tribes sacked Rome and other imperial cities; economic stagnation, as Romans became overreliant on slave labor; weak leadership from a series of poor and ineffectual emperors; the rise of Christianity eroding traditional Roman values and systems of power; and overexpansion, as the empire simply became too vast to effectively maintain and police.

The Peleponessian War (431-404 BCE) completely transformed Greek politics, economics, and culture. The war pitted the democratic Athens and its similarly minded allies with authoritarian Sparta and its allies, which saw the entirety of ancient Greece divided along geographic and philosophical lines in a contested series of cil wars. Sparta's eventual victory in the conflict made Athens destitute and greatly weakened their allies as well, restructuring the power based of the entire Greek lands.

The term "Persian Empire" is a fairly broad term that refers to many different empires, most of which directly followed on from one another, that were centered in Persia (modern-day Iran). The first "Persian Empire" was probably the Achaemenid Empire that began in the year 550 C.E. with the conquests of Cyrus the Great. The Seleucid, Parthian, and Sasanid Empires are all other examples of "Persian Empires." The Ayyubid's however were a Kurdish dynasty formed by Saladin and centered in modern-day Egypt.