All flashcards
Flashcard 1: What powered the first factories in the Industrial Revolution?
Answer: Water. Rivers provided power for early textile mills.
Flashcard 2: What is the term for the mass migration of people from rural areas to cities?
Answer: Urbanization. Factory jobs attracted rural workers to cities.
Flashcard 3: What communication device did Alexander Graham Bell invent?
Answer: Telephone. Enabled real-time voice communication over distance.
Flashcard 4: What major transportation innovation was developed by George Stephenson?
Answer: Locomotive. Steam-powered railway transport revolutionized movement.
Flashcard 5: What invention by Eli Whitney transformed the cotton industry?
Answer: Cotton gin. Mechanized cotton fiber separation from seeds.
Flashcard 6: Which industry first experienced major transformations during the Industrial Revolution?
Answer: Textile industry. First to mechanize with spinning and weaving machines.
Flashcard 7: Name the invention that improved agricultural efficiency by planting seeds in rows.
Answer: Seed drill. Precise seed placement improved crop yields significantly.
Flashcard 8: What was the first industry to industrialize in the 18th century?
Answer: Textile industry. First to mechanize with spinning and weaving machines.
Flashcard 9: Identify the primary material used for construction during the Industrial Age.
Answer: Steel. Stronger than iron for bridges and buildings.
Flashcard 10: Which invention by Samuel Morse transformed communication?
Answer: Telegraph. Transmitted messages instantly over long distances.
Flashcard 11: What transportation innovation improved the speed and reach of trade?
Answer: Railroads. Steam locomotives enabled rapid land transport.
Flashcard 12: What was the primary energy source driving the Industrial Revolution?
Answer: Coal. Abundant, cheap fossil fuel that powered steam engines.
Flashcard 13: What was the primary purpose of canals during the Industrial Age?
Answer: Transport goods efficiently. Connected inland regions to markets efficiently.
Flashcard 14: Name the invention by Henry Ford that revolutionized manufacturing.
Answer: Assembly line. Divided tasks for faster, cheaper mass production.
Flashcard 15: Which power source eventually replaced steam in the 20th century?
Answer: Electricity. More efficient and cleaner than steam power.
Flashcard 16: Identify the technology that allowed factories to stay open after dark.
Answer: Electric lighting. Extended working hours beyond natural daylight.
Flashcard 17: What was the main fuel for steam engines during the Industrial Revolution?
Answer: Coal. Abundant, cheap fossil fuel that powered steam engines.
Flashcard 18: What term describes the movement of people from rural to urban areas?
Answer: Urbanization. Factory jobs attracted rural workers to cities.
Flashcard 19: What did the Factory Act of 1833 aim to regulate?
Answer: Child labor. Limited working hours for children in factories.
Flashcard 20: What was the primary purpose of the Luddites' actions?
Answer: Protest against industrialization. Workers destroyed machines they blamed for unemployment.
Flashcard 21: Identify the coal mining safety lamp inventor.
Answer: Sir Humphry Davy. Protected miners from dangerous methane gas explosions.
Flashcard 22: What is the term for the economic system where trade and industry are privately controlled?
Answer: Capitalism. Private ownership and profit-driven markets emerged.
Flashcard 23: Which class emerged as a powerful economic force during the Industrial Age?
Answer: Middle class. Industrialists and professionals gained wealth and influence.
Flashcard 24: What is the term for urban population growth due to industrialization?
Answer: Urbanization. Factory jobs attracted rural workers to cities.
Flashcard 25: Which process improved agricultural productivity during the Industrial Age?
Answer: Crop rotation. Alternating crops maintained soil fertility.
Flashcard 26: Identify the primary transport method that expanded due to steam power.
Answer: Railways. Steam locomotives enabled rapid land transport.
Flashcard 27: What was the main advantage of steam power over water power?
Answer: Location flexibility. Could operate anywhere, not just near rivers.
Flashcard 28: Which invention by Richard Arkwright revolutionized the textile industry?
Answer: Water frame. Water-powered spinning machine for stronger thread.
Flashcard 29: Name the economic theory advocating minimal government intervention in the economy.
Answer: Laissez-faire. Free market with minimal government regulation.
Flashcard 30: What system replaced cottage industries during the Industrial Age?
Answer: Factory system. Centralized production in mechanized buildings.