All flashcards
Flashcard 1: What was one major limitation of antibiotics discovered after 1900?
Answer: Antibiotic resistance. Overuse led to bacteria evolving resistance mechanisms.
Flashcard 2: What is the primary advantage of personalized medicine in disease treatment?
Answer: Tailored treatments. Uses genetic information to customize individual patient care.
Flashcard 3: Identify one advantage of point-of-care testing in disease diagnosis.
Answer: Immediate results. Rapid testing enables quick diagnosis and treatment decisions.
Flashcard 4: What is the goal of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative?
Answer: Eradicate polio. Worldwide campaign to eliminate polio through vaccination.
Flashcard 5: Which disease outbreak in 2014 highlighted the importance of rapid response?
Answer: Ebola. West African outbreak demonstrated need for global preparedness.
Flashcard 6: Identify a major limitation of monoclonal antibodies in disease treatment.
Answer: High cost. Expensive production limits widespread therapeutic use.
Flashcard 7: What is the primary role of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)?
Answer: Protect public health. US federal agency monitoring and preventing disease outbreaks.
Flashcard 8: Which disease was declared eradicated worldwide in 1980?
Answer: Smallpox. Last naturally occurring case reported in Somalia, 1977.
Flashcard 9: What is the primary function of antiviral drugs?
Answer: Inhibit viral replication. Blocks viral reproduction within infected cells.
Flashcard 10: Identify the first vaccine developed using mRNA technology.
Answer: COVID-19 vaccine. Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines used mRNA technology.
Flashcard 11: What is one challenge of global health initiatives post-1900?
Answer: Resource allocation. Limited funding creates inequitable access to healthcare.
Flashcard 12: What is the main purpose of quarantine as a public health measure?
Answer: Prevent disease spread. Isolates infected individuals to break transmission chains.
Flashcard 13: Identify the organization responsible for declaring global health emergencies.
Answer: World Health Organization (WHO). UN agency with authority to coordinate international health responses.
Flashcard 14: What is the primary advantage of telemedicine in disease management?
Answer: Remote patient care. Provides medical care without geographic barriers.
Flashcard 15: Which disease was significantly reduced by the introduction of insecticide-treated nets?
Answer: Malaria. Nets protect sleeping individuals from infected mosquitoes.
Flashcard 16: What is the primary focus of epidemiological studies after 1900?
Answer: Disease distribution and determinants. Studies patterns, causes, and control of disease spread.
Flashcard 17: What was a major public health achievement in the 20th century related to water?
Answer: Water fluoridation. Dramatically reduced tooth decay and dental disease globally.
Flashcard 18: Identify the primary goal of the Human Genome Project completed in 2003.
Answer: Map all human genes. Identified genetic basis for many diseases and treatments.
Flashcard 19: Which medical advancement has improved early detection of diseases post-1900?
Answer: Diagnostic imaging. CT, MRI, and ultrasound detect diseases before symptoms appear.
Flashcard 20: Identify a key benefit of digital health technologies in managing diseases.
Answer: Real-time data collection. Enables immediate tracking and response to disease outbreaks.
Flashcard 21: What is a major challenge in combating emerging infectious diseases after 1900?
Answer: Rapid pathogen mutation. Pathogens evolve faster than treatment development.
Flashcard 22: Identify the vector responsible for transmitting malaria.
Answer: Anopheles mosquito. Female mosquito transmits malaria parasites through bites.
Flashcard 23: Which disease saw a resurgence due to vaccine hesitancy in the 21st century?
Answer: Measles. Declining vaccination rates led to increased outbreaks.
Flashcard 24: What is the role of public health campaigns in disease prevention post-1900?
Answer: Educate and promote health practices. Inform populations about prevention and healthy behaviors.
Flashcard 25: Which pandemic in the late 20th century highlighted the need for global health cooperation?
Answer: HIV/AIDS. Required unprecedented international collaboration and research.
Flashcard 26: Identify the first disease for which a vaccine was developed using recombinant DNA technology.
Answer: Hepatitis B. First genetically engineered vaccine approved in 1986.
Flashcard 27: What is the key advantage of mRNA vaccines introduced in the 21st century?
Answer: Rapid development. Can be designed and produced much faster than traditional vaccines.
Flashcard 28: Which institution was founded in 1948 to address global health issues?
Answer: World Health Organization (WHO). International body coordinating global health responses.
Flashcard 29: What is one significant limitation of vaccines discovered for viral diseases?
Answer: Mutating viruses. Viruses change genetic structure, making vaccines less effective.
Flashcard 30: Identify the first antiviral drug approved for the treatment of HIV/AIDS.
Answer: AZT (Zidovudine). First drug to slow HIV progression, approved in 1987.