All flashcards
Flashcard 1: Identify the economic rationale for imperialism.
Answer: The desire for new markets and raw materials. Industrialized nations needed resources and customers for manufactured goods.
Flashcard 2: What was the impact of imperialism on global trade?
Answer: Increased global trade and integration of economies. Imperial networks created the first truly global economic system.
Flashcard 3: Identify a justification used by Europeans for imperialism.
Answer: The spread of civilization and Christianity. Europeans claimed they brought progress to 'backward' societies.
Flashcard 4: How did railroads facilitate imperialism?
Answer: They enabled efficient transport of goods and troops. Railways connected interior resources to coastal ports for export.
Flashcard 5: What was the primary economic activity in colonial Africa?
Answer: Extraction of raw materials. Colonies supplied rubber, gold, diamonds, and agricultural products.
Flashcard 6: Identify a reason for the decline of the Ottoman Empire.
Answer: European imperialism and internal corruption. External pressure and internal weakness accelerated Ottoman territorial losses.
Flashcard 7: What was the primary motivation behind the Spanish-American War?
Answer: U.S. interest in expanding influence in the Western Hemisphere. The U.S. sought to replace Spanish influence with American dominance.
Flashcard 8: Which ideology argued that stronger nations would prevail over weaker ones?
Answer: Social Darwinism. This theory justified imperial expansion as natural selection.
Flashcard 9: What was the primary goal of European missionaries?
Answer: To convert indigenous peoples to Christianity. Religious conversion was often linked to imperial expansion.
Flashcard 10: What was the impact of quinine on imperialism?
Answer: It allowed Europeans to survive malaria in tropical regions. This anti-malarial drug enabled European survival in tropical climates.
Flashcard 11: Which nation was responsible for the colonization of Congo?
Answer: Belgium. King Leopold II's personal rule caused massive human rights abuses.
Flashcard 12: What was the role of the Suez Canal in imperialism?
Answer: It facilitated faster sea routes to Asia and Africa. The canal shortened travel time to Asian and African colonies.
Flashcard 13: Identify a social impact of imperialism in colonies.
Answer: Introduction of Western education systems. Colonial schools created an educated class loyal to imperial powers.
Flashcard 14: What was the main outcome of the Treaty of Berlin (1885)?
Answer: It regulated European colonization and trade in Africa. The conference formalized European claims without African input.
Flashcard 15: What was the primary reason for the Boxer Rebellion?
Answer: Opposition to foreign influence in China. Chinese nationalists resented Western economic and cultural intrusion.
Flashcard 16: Identify a consequence of the Treaty of Nanking.
Answer: Cession of Hong Kong to Britain. Britain gained this strategic port as a permanent colony.
Flashcard 17: What was the primary aim of the British Raj in India?
Answer: To consolidate British control and exploit resources. Direct British rule maximized economic extraction from India.
Flashcard 18: Which country was known as the 'Jewel in the Crown' for Britain?
Answer: India. India was Britain's most valuable and profitable colonial possession.
Flashcard 19: What is the significance of the Opium Wars?
Answer: They opened China to Western trade and influence. British victory forced China to accept unequal trade agreements.
Flashcard 20: Identify a method used by Europeans to control colonies.
Answer: Direct and indirect rule. These systems minimized administrative costs while maintaining control.
Flashcard 21: What was a consequence of imperialism for native populations?
Answer: Loss of sovereignty and traditional cultures. Imperial rule disrupted local governance and social structures.
Flashcard 22: Name a resource Europeans sought in Africa.
Answer: Rubber. Essential for bicycle and automobile tires during industrial expansion.
Flashcard 23: Which economic theory justified imperialism?
Answer: Mercantilism, promoting the accumulation of wealth through colonies. Colonies provided raw materials and markets to strengthen the mother country.
Flashcard 24: What is the concept of 'civilizing mission'?
Answer: The belief that imperial powers had a duty to civilize indigenous populations. European powers claimed moral responsibility to modernize other societies.
Flashcard 25: What was the significance of the Sepoy Mutiny?
Answer: It led to the end of the East India Company's rule in India. The 1857 rebellion led to direct British government control.
Flashcard 26: Which African country successfully resisted European colonization?
Answer: Ethiopia. Ethiopia defeated Italy at the Battle of Adwa in 1896.
Flashcard 27: What was the role of the East India Company in imperialism?
Answer: It controlled trade and political affairs in India. The company functioned as Britain's imperial agent in Asia.
Flashcard 28: Identify a result of the Spanish-American War.
Answer: The U.S. acquired territories like Puerto Rico and the Philippines. American victory marked the beginning of U.S. overseas empire.
Flashcard 29: What is the 'White Man's Burden'?
Answer: A justification for imperialism claiming Europeans had a duty to civilize other peoples. This concept justified European dominance as a moral obligation.
Flashcard 30: Identify a cultural impact of imperialism.
Answer: The spread of European languages and educational systems. Colonial powers imposed their culture to create loyal subjects.