All flashcards
Flashcard 1: Identify the leader of the Mexican War of Independence.
Answer: Miguel Hidalgo was a leader of the Mexican War of Independence. Catholic priest who launched Mexico's independence movement in 1810.
Flashcard 2: What is nationalism?
Answer: Nationalism is a political ideology centered on the interests and culture of a nation. It emphasizes shared identity, language, and culture as basis for political organization.
Flashcard 3: Identify the main cause of the American Revolution.
Answer: The main cause was colonial opposition to British taxation without representation. Colonists rejected British taxes imposed without their consent in Parliament.
Flashcard 4: What year did the French Revolution begin?
Answer: The French Revolution began in 1789. Started with the financial crisis and calling of the Estates-General.
Flashcard 5: What was the primary goal of the Congress of Vienna?
Answer: The primary goal was to restore European stability and balance of power post-Napoleon. Aimed to prevent future wars through diplomatic balance after Napoleon's defeat.
Flashcard 6: Which document declared the independence of the United States?
Answer: The Declaration of Independence declared U.S. independence. Proclaimed American independence from Britain on July 4, 1776.
Flashcard 7: What is the significance of the Storming of the Bastille?
Answer: It symbolized the end of royal tyranny and the rise of the French Revolution. The prison's fall represented popular uprising against absolute monarchy.
Flashcard 8: Identify the main goal of the Women's Suffrage Movement.
Answer: The main goal was to secure voting rights for women. Fought for women's political equality and democratic participation.
Flashcard 9: What is the significance of the Berlin Conference of 1884-85?
Answer: It regulated European colonization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period. European powers divided Africa among themselves without African input.
Flashcard 10: What was the primary cause of the Spanish-American War?
Answer: The primary cause was the U.S. intervention in the Cuban War of Independence. America supported Cuban rebels against Spanish colonial rule.
Flashcard 11: What event marked the end of the Napoleonic Wars?
Answer: The Battle of Waterloo in 1815 marked the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Napoleon's final defeat ended his European domination permanently.
Flashcard 12: Identify the treaty that ended the American Revolution.
Answer: The Treaty of Paris in 1783 ended the American Revolution. Formally recognized American independence and established new boundaries.
Flashcard 13: What was the main cause of the Russian Revolution of 1905?
Answer: The main cause was social unrest and dissatisfaction with Tsarist rule. Triggered by Bloody Sunday massacre and military defeats in Japan.
Flashcard 14: What does the term 'Manifest Destiny' refer to?
Answer: It refers to the 19th-century belief that the U.S. was destined to expand across North America. Justified westward expansion as America's divine mission and right.
Flashcard 15: What was the impact of the Opium Wars on China?
Answer: The impact was the opening of China to foreign trade and the ceding of Hong Kong to Britain. Britain forced China to accept unequal treaties and foreign concessions.
Flashcard 16: What was the German Confederation?
Answer: A loose association of German states formed after the Congress of Vienna in 1815. Created as a compromise between Austrian control and German unity.
Flashcard 17: Which revolution is associated with the slogan 'Liberty, Equality, Fraternity'?
Answer: This slogan is associated with the French Revolution. Represented the democratic ideals of the revolutionary movement.
Flashcard 18: What year did Italy achieve unification?
Answer: Italy achieved unification in 1861. Achieved through Garibaldi's military campaigns and diplomatic efforts.
Flashcard 19: What was the outcome of the Crimean War?
Answer: The outcome was a military defeat for Russia and the Treaty of Paris in 1856. Russia lost to Ottoman Empire backed by Britain and France.
Flashcard 20: Who wrote 'The Communist Manifesto'?
Answer: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels wrote 'The Communist Manifesto'. Published in 1848, it outlined communist theory and worker revolution.
Flashcard 21: What was the result of the 1848 French Revolution?
Answer: The result was the establishment of the French Second Republic. Overthrew King Louis-Philippe and established democratic government.
Flashcard 22: What is the significance of the Dreyfus Affair?
Answer: It was a political scandal in France that revealed deep divisions over issues of anti-Semitism. Jewish officer falsely accused of treason, exposing French anti-Semitism.
Flashcard 23: Who was Otto von Bismarck?
Answer: Otto von Bismarck was a Prussian statesman who unified Germany. Used realpolitik and three wars to create the German Empire in 1871.
Flashcard 24: What was the primary aim of the Taiping Rebellion?
Answer: The aim was to overthrow the Qing dynasty and establish a new society in China. Massive civil war led by Hong Xiuquan claiming to be Christ's brother.
Flashcard 25: What ideology is associated with Karl Marx?
Answer: Karl Marx is associated with communism and Marxism. Developed theory of class struggle and worker revolution against capitalism.
Flashcard 26: What year did the Latin American wars of independence begin?
Answer: The Latin American wars of independence began in 1808. Triggered by Napoleon's invasion of Spain and weakened Spanish control.
Flashcard 27: Who was Simón Bolívar?
Answer: Simón Bolívar was a key leader in the Latin American independence movements. Known as 'El Libertador' for liberating much of South America from Spain.
Flashcard 28: Identify the main result of the Haitian Revolution.
Answer: The main result was Haiti's independence from France in 1804. Created the first successful slave revolution and independent Black nation.
Flashcard 29: What was the Reign of Terror?
Answer: A period of the French Revolution marked by mass executions of perceived enemies. Robespierre's radical phase used guillotine to eliminate political opponents.
Flashcard 30: What caused the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857?
Answer: It was caused by Indian soldiers' discontent with British rule and practices. Sparked by rumors about cartridges greased with cow and pig fat.