All flashcards
Flashcard 1: Which convention defines and criminalizes genocide?
Answer: Genocide Convention (1948). UN treaty making genocide an international crime.
Flashcard 2: What were the years of the Armenian Genocide?
Answer: 1915-1923. Occurred during and after WWI under the Young Turks regime.
Flashcard 3: What was the primary target group of the Holocaust?
Answer: Jewish people. Nazi Germany's systematic murder of 6 million Jews.
Flashcard 4: Which leader initiated the Cultural Revolution in China?
Answer: Mao Zedong. Led radical purge of Chinese society from 1966-1976.
Flashcard 5: In what year did the Rwandan Genocide occur?
Answer:
- 100 days of mass killings between Hutu and Tutsi populations.
Flashcard 6: What was the estimated number of victims in the Rwandan Genocide?
Answer: Approximately 800,000. Killed in just 100 days, mostly by machete and club.
Flashcard 7: Identify the main ethnic group targeted in the Rwandan Genocide.
Answer: Tutsi. Minority ethnic group systematically murdered by Hutu extremists.
Flashcard 8: What years did the Bosnian Genocide take place?
Answer: 1992-1995. During the Yugoslav Wars, targeting Bosniak Muslims.
Flashcard 9: Name the international tribunal established for the Rwandan Genocide.
Answer: International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR). Prosecuted war criminals and established genocide precedents.
Flashcard 10: Which event is marked by Kristallnacht in Nazi Germany?
Answer: The Night of Broken Glass. November 9-10, 1938 pogrom against Jewish businesses and synagogues.
Flashcard 11: What was the primary method of mass killing during the Holocaust?
Answer: Gas chambers. Industrial-scale killing in concentration camps like Auschwitz.
Flashcard 12: Who was the dictator responsible for the Cambodian Genocide?
Answer: Pol Pot. Led the Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia's killing fields.
Flashcard 13: In which years did the Cambodian Genocide occur?
Answer: 1975-1979. Period when Khmer Rouge killed 1.7 million Cambodians.
Flashcard 14: What was the name of the regime responsible for the Cambodian Genocide?
Answer: Khmer Rouge. Communist party that emptied cities and murdered intellectuals.
Flashcard 15: What was the main target group of the Bosnian Genocide?
Answer: Bosniak Muslims. Ethnic cleansing during the breakup of Yugoslavia.
Flashcard 16: Identify the international court that prosecuted Bosnian Genocide perpetrators.
Answer: International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). First international court to prosecute genocide since Nuremberg.
Flashcard 17: Which country experienced the Darfur Genocide?
Answer: Sudan. Western region where Arab militias attacked African tribes.
Flashcard 18: What year did the Darfur Genocide begin?
Answer:
- Start of systematic attacks on Darfur's African populations.
Flashcard 19: Who were the primary perpetrators of the Darfur Genocide?
Answer: Janjaweed militia. Arab militia backed by Sudanese government forces.
Flashcard 20: What was the main international response to the Holocaust?
Answer: Nuremberg Trials. First international prosecution of war criminals and genocide.
Flashcard 21: Name the legislation that established the International Criminal Court (ICC).
Answer: Rome Statute. 1998 treaty creating permanent international criminal court.
Flashcard 22: Identify the international body formed post-WWII to prevent future genocides.
Answer: United Nations. Created in 1945 to maintain international peace and security.
Flashcard 23: What does the term 'genocide' refer to?
Answer: The systematic extermination of a particular group. Coined by Raphael Lemkin, legally defined in 1948.
Flashcard 24: Who coined the term 'genocide'?
Answer: Raphael Lemkin. Polish lawyer who created the term after witnessing Nazi atrocities.
Flashcard 25: What is the significance of the Srebrenica massacre?
Answer: Largest massacre in Europe post-WWII. July 1995 killing of 8,000 Bosniak men and boys.
Flashcard 26: Which international organization is tasked with peacekeeping missions?
Answer: United Nations. Deploys peacekeepers to prevent and stop conflicts worldwide.
Flashcard 27: What was the target group during the Anfal Campaign?
Answer: Iraqi Kurds. Ethnic minority systematically attacked with chemical weapons.
Flashcard 28: What was the primary goal of the Cultural Revolution in China?
Answer: To enforce communism by removing capitalist elements. Mao's radical campaign against traditional Chinese culture and intellectuals.
Flashcard 29: What was the estimated death toll of the Cambodian Genocide?
Answer: Approximately 1.7 million. About 25% of Cambodia's population killed by Khmer Rouge.
Flashcard 30: Who were the main victims of the Nanking Massacre?
Answer: Chinese civilians. Japanese soldiers killed 300,000 Chinese civilians and POWs.