All flashcards
Flashcard 1: What was the primary cause of the Dutch Revolt (1568–1648)?
Answer: Religious and political tensions with Spain. Protestant Dutch resisted Catholic Spanish rule and taxation.
Flashcard 2: Identify the empire that faced the Sikh rebellion in the 17th century.
Answer: Mughal Empire. Sikhs challenged Mughal authority in Punjab region.
Flashcard 3: Which Chinese dynasty faced internal strife due to the White Lotus Rebellion?
Answer: Qing Dynasty. White Lotus Society rebelled against Manchu rule in 1796-1804.
Flashcard 4: Identify the event that marked the end of the Spanish Reconquista in 1492.
Answer: Fall of Granada. Last Muslim stronghold in Iberian Peninsula conquered.
Flashcard 5: Who led the French Wars of Religion against the Huguenots?
Answer: Catholic League. Catholic nobles fought Protestant Huguenots for religious control.
Flashcard 6: What was the primary goal of the Cossack rebellions in Russia?
Answer: Opposition to serfdom and central authority. Cossacks sought freedom from feudal obligations.
Flashcard 7: Identify the rebellion led by Yemelyan Pugachev in Russia.
Answer: Pugachev's Rebellion. 1773-1775 uprising against Catherine the Great's rule.
Flashcard 8: Which internal conflict weakened the Ming Dynasty in the 17th century?
Answer: Peasant uprisings. Rural revolts weakened imperial authority and resources.
Flashcard 9: Which kingdom did the Dutch East India Company challenge in Southeast Asia?
Answer: Kingdom of Mataram. Java-based kingdom resisted Dutch colonial expansion.
Flashcard 10: Identify the event that signaled the decline of the Spanish Armada.
Answer: Defeat by England in 1588. English navy destroyed Spanish naval supremacy.
Flashcard 11: What was the primary cause of the Fronde in France?
Answer: Noble opposition to royal power. Parliamentary nobles resisted absolute monarchy during Louis XIV's minority.
Flashcard 12: Which European power faced the Thirty Years' War as a major challenge?
Answer: Holy Roman Empire. Religious war devastated German territories 1618-1648.
Flashcard 13: Identify the leader of the Maratha Confederacy against the Mughal Empire.
Answer: Shivaji. Founded independent Maratha kingdom in western India.
Flashcard 14: Which treaty ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648?
Answer: Peace of Westphalia. Established principle of state sovereignty over religious unity.
Flashcard 15: What was the main factor leading to the English Civil War?
Answer: Conflict between monarchy and Parliament. Charles I's absolute rule conflicted with parliamentary authority.
Flashcard 16: What was the main cause of the Glorious Revolution in 1688?
Answer: Opposition to Catholic monarchy. Protestants removed Catholic James II from throne.
Flashcard 17: Which empire faced internal challenges due to the Streltsy Rebellion?
Answer: Russian Empire. Elite military units rebelled against Peter the Great's reforms.
Flashcard 18: What was the primary challenge faced by the Tokugawa shogunate?
Answer: Isolationist policies against foreign influence. Sakoku policy limited trade and contact with foreigners.
Flashcard 19: Identify the conflict that marked the rise of the Bourbon dynasty in Spain.
Answer: War of the Spanish Succession. European powers fought over Spanish throne succession 1701-1714.
Flashcard 20: Which European power challenged the Portuguese monopoly in Asia?
Answer: Dutch Republic. Dutch broke Portuguese spice trade monopoly in Southeast Asia.
Flashcard 21: Identify the empire that faced the Anglo-Spanish War.
Answer: Spanish Empire. England and Spain fought for naval and colonial supremacy.
Flashcard 22: Which event marked the decline of the Mughal Empire?
Answer: Battle of Plassey. 1757 victory gave British control over Bengal region.
Flashcard 23: What was the primary external threat to the Safavid Empire?
Answer: Ottoman Empire. Territorial rivalry between Islamic empires in Middle East.
Flashcard 24: Which kingdom faced internal challenges due to the Jacobite risings?
Answer: Kingdom of Great Britain. Scottish attempts to restore Stuart monarchy 1689-1746.
Flashcard 25: What was the main internal threat to the Spanish Empire in the Americas?
Answer: Indigenous uprisings. Native peoples resisted Spanish colonial rule and exploitation.
Flashcard 26: Which empire faced the War of the Austrian Succession?
Answer: Austrian Empire. European powers contested Maria Theresa's inheritance 1740-1748.
Flashcard 27: What was the result of the English Civil War for monarchy in England?
Answer: Temporary abolition of monarchy. Parliamentary victory established republican government 1649-1660.
Flashcard 28: Which rebellion challenged the Tokugawa shogunate in Japan?
Answer: Shimabara Rebellion. Christian peasants revolted against religious persecution 1637-1638.
Flashcard 29: What was the main cause of the Ottoman-Safavid conflict?
Answer: Territorial and religious disputes. Competition over trade routes and Shia-Sunni differences.
Flashcard 30: Identify the empire that faced the Portuguese in the Indian Ocean.
Answer: Ottoman Empire. Rival Muslim powers competed for Indian Ocean trade control.