Industrial Revolution Begins - AP World History: Modern

Expanded global markets and increased trade volumes. Industrial goods reached new markets worldwide through improved transport.

It allowed for mass production and easier repairs. Eli Whitney's innovation standardized manufacturing and reduced costs.

The seed drill. Planted seeds in rows at proper depth, improving crop yields.

The steam-powered printing press. Enabled mass production of newspapers, spreading information rapidly.

Showcased industrial achievements and technological innovations. First World's Fair displayed Britain's industrial supremacy globally.

An economic system advocating for collective ownership of production. Workers control means of production to eliminate class exploitation.

Class struggle between bourgeoisie and proletariat. Predicted inevitable conflict between capitalists and workers.

An economic system based on industrial production and profit. Combined mechanized production with private ownership for maximum profit.

Provided capital for industrial ventures. Financed machinery, factories, and infrastructure development projects.

They privatized common lands, forcing rural migration to cities. Created landless peasants who became urban factory workers.

Free markets lead to economic prosperity. Individual self-interest promotes overall economic growth and efficiency.

Adam Smith. Wrote 'The Wealth of Nations' advocating free market principles.

An economic system with minimal government intervention. Free market competition without government regulation or interference.

Capitalism. Private ownership of means of production for profit maximization.

Legislation aimed at improving working conditions. Regulated child labor, working hours, and safety standards.

They destroyed machines they believed threatened their jobs. Feared unemployment from automation would destroy traditional crafts.

To advocate for workers' rights and better conditions. Collective bargaining provided workers leverage against factory owners.

Spread of diseases like cholera. Poor sanitation and crowded conditions facilitated disease transmission.

The middle class. Factory owners, managers, and professionals gained wealth and influence.

The use of machines to perform work previously done by hand. Replaced human and animal power with steam-driven machinery.

Increased demand for slave labor on cotton plantations. Made cotton cultivation more profitable, expanding plantation system.

Eli Whitney. Created in 1793 to separate cotton fibers from seeds efficiently.

The movement of people from rural to urban areas. Driven by factory jobs and improved economic opportunities in cities.

Coal. Abundant in Britain and provided concentrated energy for steam engines.

It enabled mechanization and transportation advances. Powered factories, trains, and ships across various industries.

It revolutionized communication over long distances. Enabled instant messaging across continents for business coordination.

A multi-spindle spinning frame that increased yarn production. Invented by James Hargreaves in 1764 to revolutionize cotton spinning.

Textile industry. First to mechanize production with innovations like the spinning jenny.

Great Britain. Had abundant coal, capital, and colonial resources to fuel industrialization.