All flashcards
Flashcard 1: What was the main purpose of the Non-Aligned Movement initiated in 1961?
Answer: Avoid alignment with major power blocs. Third World countries sought independence from Cold War superpowers.
Flashcard 2: What was the primary goal of the Indian National Congress formed in 1885?
Answer: Seek greater Indian participation in governance. Aimed for political representation rather than complete independence initially.
Flashcard 3: What was the primary aim of the Balfour Declaration of 1917?
Answer: Support for a Jewish homeland. British commitment to Zionist goals in post-WWI Palestine.
Flashcard 4: Which Caribbean nation gained independence from Britain in 1962?
Answer: Jamaica. First Caribbean nation to achieve independence in the region.
Flashcard 5: Identify the leader who played a key role in the independence of Indonesia in 1945.
Answer: Sukarno. First president of independent Indonesia after Dutch colonial rule.
Flashcard 6: What movement aimed to unite all African nations against colonialism?
Answer: Pan-Africanism. Intellectual movement promoting African unity and liberation worldwide.
Flashcard 7: Which leader is known for implementing the policy of glasnost in the Soviet Union?
Answer: Mikhail Gorbachev. Openness policy promoted transparency and democratic reforms in USSR.
Flashcard 8: What was the primary objective of the Civil Rights Movement in the USA?
Answer: End racial segregation. Fought for equal rights and voting access for African Americans.
Flashcard 9: Which Southeast Asian nation declared independence from France in 1954?
Answer: Vietnam. Geneva Accords partitioned Vietnam after French defeat at Dien Bien Phu.
Flashcard 10: Which 1956 crisis challenged British and French influence in the Middle East?
Answer: Suez Crisis. Nasser's nationalization of canal challenged European colonial powers.
Flashcard 11: What was the aim of the Cuban Revolution led by Fidel Castro?
Answer: Overthrow Batista's regime. Successful guerrilla campaign that established communist government in Cuba.
Flashcard 12: Which revolution in 1979 led to the establishment of an Islamic Republic in Iran?
Answer: Iranian Revolution. Overthrew the Shah and established theocratic government under Ayatollah Khomeini.
Flashcard 13: Which South African leader was imprisoned for 27 years before becoming president?
Answer: Nelson Mandela. Leader of the African National Congress and anti-apartheid movement.
Flashcard 14: Who led the independence movement in Ghana, becoming its first prime minister?
Answer: Kwame Nkrumah. Champion of African socialism and pan-African unity movements.
Flashcard 15: What was the main strategy used by the Solidarity movement in Poland?
Answer: Non-violent resistance. Peaceful resistance movement that challenged communist government control.
Flashcard 16: Name the 1947 partition that led to the creation of two independent states in South Asia.
Answer: India and Pakistan. Religious divisions led to massive population displacement and violence.
Flashcard 17: What was the main focus of the 1966 Cultural Revolution in China?
Answer: Preserve communist ideology. Mao's campaign to eliminate bourgeois elements from Chinese society.
Flashcard 18: What was the primary goal of the Indian National Congress formed in 1885?
Answer: Seek greater Indian participation in governance. Aimed for political representation rather than complete independence initially.
Flashcard 19: Name the movement that sought to unite Arab countries against Western influence.
Answer: Pan-Arabism. Promoted Arab nationalism and cultural unity across the Middle East.
Flashcard 20: Identify the 1955 conference that promoted Afro-Asian economic and cultural cooperation.
Answer: Bandung Conference. Established principles of non-alignment during the Cold War.
Flashcard 21: What was the main objective of the Mau Mau rebellion in Kenya?
Answer: End British colonial rule. Violent uprising against colonial administration in Kenya 1952-1960.
Flashcard 22: Name the policy of racial segregation implemented in South Africa.
Answer: Apartheid. Systematic racial discrimination enforced by white minority government.
Flashcard 23: Identify the year of China's Tiananmen Square protests.
Answer:
- Student-led pro-democracy demonstrations violently suppressed by military.
Flashcard 24: Name the 1994 event that marked the end of apartheid in South Africa.
Answer: First multiracial elections. Transition to majority rule under Nelson Mandela's presidency.
Flashcard 25: Which African country gained independence from Italy in 1960?
Answer: Somalia. East African nation achieved independence through UN trusteeship process.
Flashcard 26: Identify the 1960 event that resulted in the independence of 17 African nations.
Answer: Year of Africa. Massive wave of decolonization across the African continent.
Flashcard 27: What was the primary goal of the Zapatista uprising in Mexico in 1994?
Answer: Demand rights for indigenous people. EZLN rebellion protested NAFTA's impact on indigenous communities.
Flashcard 28: Which leader became the first president of independent Kenya in 1963?
Answer: Jomo Kenyatta. Led Kenya African National Union to independence from Britain.
Flashcard 29: What movement aimed to unite all African nations against colonialism?
Answer: Pan-Africanism. Intellectual movement promoting African unity and liberation worldwide.
Flashcard 30: Which treaty recognized the independence of Algeria from France in 1962?
Answer: Évian Accords. Peace agreement ending the brutal eight-year independence war.