Exploration: Causes and Events - AP World History: Modern
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What was the primary commodity sought by Europeans in the East Indies?
What was the primary commodity sought by Europeans in the East Indies?
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Spices. Valuable seasoning agents worth enormous profits in Europe.
Spices. Valuable seasoning agents worth enormous profits in Europe.
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What was the main motivation for European exploration during 1450–1750?
What was the main motivation for European exploration during 1450–1750?
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Desire for new trade routes and wealth. Europeans sought alternatives to expensive overland routes to Asia.
Desire for new trade routes and wealth. Europeans sought alternatives to expensive overland routes to Asia.
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Which technological advancement significantly aided European exploration?
Which technological advancement significantly aided European exploration?
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The astrolabe. Allowed sailors to determine latitude by measuring star positions.
The astrolabe. Allowed sailors to determine latitude by measuring star positions.
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Identify the Portuguese prince who sponsored early voyages of exploration.
Identify the Portuguese prince who sponsored early voyages of exploration.
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Prince Henry the Navigator. Established Portugal's maritime exploration school and expeditions.
Prince Henry the Navigator. Established Portugal's maritime exploration school and expeditions.
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Name the treaty that divided the New World between Spain and Portugal.
Name the treaty that divided the New World between Spain and Portugal.
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Treaty of Tordesillas. Signed in 1494, it divided territories along a meridian line.
Treaty of Tordesillas. Signed in 1494, it divided territories along a meridian line.
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What was a primary consequence of the Columbian Exchange?
What was a primary consequence of the Columbian Exchange?
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Introduction of new crops and animals across continents. Transformed global agriculture and ecosystems dramatically.
Introduction of new crops and animals across continents. Transformed global agriculture and ecosystems dramatically.
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Which economic theory drove European nations to acquire colonies?
Which economic theory drove European nations to acquire colonies?
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Mercantilism. Emphasized accumulating wealth through favorable trade balances.
Mercantilism. Emphasized accumulating wealth through favorable trade balances.
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Which empire did Hernán Cortés conquer?
Which empire did Hernán Cortés conquer?
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The Aztec Empire. Conquered Tenochtitlan and claimed Mexico for Spain in 1521.
The Aztec Empire. Conquered Tenochtitlan and claimed Mexico for Spain in 1521.
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What was the primary purpose of the encomienda system?
What was the primary purpose of the encomienda system?
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To regulate Native American labor and behavior. Spanish colonial system granting control over indigenous workers.
To regulate Native American labor and behavior. Spanish colonial system granting control over indigenous workers.
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Name the first permanent English settlement in North America.
Name the first permanent English settlement in North America.
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Jamestown. Established in Virginia in 1607 for tobacco cultivation.
Jamestown. Established in Virginia in 1607 for tobacco cultivation.
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Which commodity was central to the economy of the Caribbean colonies?
Which commodity was central to the economy of the Caribbean colonies?
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Sugar. Profitable crop that drove plantation slavery expansion.
Sugar. Profitable crop that drove plantation slavery expansion.
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What was the primary role of the Dutch East India Company?
What was the primary role of the Dutch East India Company?
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To trade in the Indian Ocean and control spice trade. Joint-stock company monopolizing Asian trade for Netherlands.
To trade in the Indian Ocean and control spice trade. Joint-stock company monopolizing Asian trade for Netherlands.
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Identify the main purpose of the navigational instrument called a sextant.
Identify the main purpose of the navigational instrument called a sextant.
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To determine latitude and longitude. Measures angular distance for precise navigation calculations.
To determine latitude and longitude. Measures angular distance for precise navigation calculations.
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What was the significant impact of the Age of Exploration on Europe?
What was the significant impact of the Age of Exploration on Europe?
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The rise of powerful maritime empires. Created global trade networks and colonial competition.
The rise of powerful maritime empires. Created global trade networks and colonial competition.
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Which civilization did Francisco Pizarro conquer in South America?
Which civilization did Francisco Pizarro conquer in South America?
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The Inca Empire. Conquered the Andean empire and claimed Peru for Spain.
The Inca Empire. Conquered the Andean empire and claimed Peru for Spain.
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Identify the European nation that first established a colony in Brazil.
Identify the European nation that first established a colony in Brazil.
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Portugal. Claimed Brazil through early coastal expeditions and settlements.
Portugal. Claimed Brazil through early coastal expeditions and settlements.
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What was the primary cash crop in the southern colonies of North America?
What was the primary cash crop in the southern colonies of North America?
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Tobacco. Highly profitable export crop requiring extensive slave labor.
Tobacco. Highly profitable export crop requiring extensive slave labor.
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Which European power controlled the Philippines for over three centuries?
Which European power controlled the Philippines for over three centuries?
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Spain. Colonized after Magellan's expedition and maintained until 1898.
Spain. Colonized after Magellan's expedition and maintained until 1898.
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Name the system of trade that connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas.
Name the system of trade that connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas.
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Triangular Trade. Exchange system linking three continents economically.
Triangular Trade. Exchange system linking three continents economically.
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What was the primary goal of the Spanish missions in the New World?
What was the primary goal of the Spanish missions in the New World?
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To convert indigenous peoples to Christianity. Combined religious conversion with Spanish cultural dominance.
To convert indigenous peoples to Christianity. Combined religious conversion with Spanish cultural dominance.
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Identify the term for the global transfer of plants, animals, and diseases post-1492.
Identify the term for the global transfer of plants, animals, and diseases post-1492.
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The Columbian Exchange. Describes the massive biological exchange after 1492.
The Columbian Exchange. Describes the massive biological exchange after 1492.
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What was the primary navigation tool used by European sailors during this period?
What was the primary navigation tool used by European sailors during this period?
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The compass. Magnetic instrument showing direction for ocean navigation.
The compass. Magnetic instrument showing direction for ocean navigation.
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Which empire was known for its advanced maritime technologies during this era?
Which empire was known for its advanced maritime technologies during this era?
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The Ming Dynasty (China). Zheng He's voyages demonstrated Chinese naval capabilities.
The Ming Dynasty (China). Zheng He's voyages demonstrated Chinese naval capabilities.
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What was the main reason for the decline of the Portuguese trading empire?
What was the main reason for the decline of the Portuguese trading empire?
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Competition from other European powers. Dutch and English challenged Portuguese trade monopolies.
Competition from other European powers. Dutch and English challenged Portuguese trade monopolies.
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Which explorer is known for his voyages to North America for England?
Which explorer is known for his voyages to North America for England?
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John Cabot. Explored Newfoundland coast and established English territorial claims.
John Cabot. Explored Newfoundland coast and established English territorial claims.
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What was the primary impact of the introduction of European firearms in Africa?
What was the primary impact of the introduction of European firearms in Africa?
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Increased warfare and political instability. Guns disrupted traditional power structures and conflicts.
Increased warfare and political instability. Guns disrupted traditional power structures and conflicts.
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Name the economic system where colonies existed for the benefit of the mother country.
Name the economic system where colonies existed for the benefit of the mother country.
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Mercantilism. Economic theory prioritizing mother country's wealth accumulation.
Mercantilism. Economic theory prioritizing mother country's wealth accumulation.
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Identify the first European to sight the Pacific Ocean.
Identify the first European to sight the Pacific Ocean.
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Vasco Núñez de Balboa. Crossed Panama and claimed the Pacific for Spain.
Vasco Núñez de Balboa. Crossed Panama and claimed the Pacific for Spain.
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Which navigation tool measures the angle between a celestial object and the horizon?
Which navigation tool measures the angle between a celestial object and the horizon?
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The sextant. Precise instrument for celestial navigation and positioning.
The sextant. Precise instrument for celestial navigation and positioning.
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What was the primary goal of the Spanish missions in the New World?
What was the primary goal of the Spanish missions in the New World?
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To convert indigenous peoples to Christianity. Combined religious conversion with Spanish cultural dominance.
To convert indigenous peoples to Christianity. Combined religious conversion with Spanish cultural dominance.
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