All flashcards
Flashcard 1: Who was the French heroine who led troops during the Hundred Years' War?
Answer: Joan of Arc. Peasant girl who claimed divine visions.
Flashcard 2: What is the term for the medieval European code of conduct for knights?
Answer: Chivalry. Medieval knightly ideals of honor and courtesy.
Flashcard 3: Which war saw the Lancastrians and Yorkists fight for the English throne?
Answer: The Wars of the Roses. Dynastic civil war in 15th century England.
Flashcard 4: What was the primary language of the Byzantine Empire?
Answer: Greek. Eastern Roman Empire maintained Greek traditions.
Flashcard 5: What was the impact of the Great Schism on the Catholic Church?
Answer: Division into Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic. Split Christianity into competing papal claims.
Flashcard 6: Identify the economic system based on land ownership and personal loyalty.
Answer: Feudalism. Hierarchical system organizing medieval society.
Flashcard 7: What event in 1215 limited the power of the English monarchy?
Answer: Signing of the Magna Carta. Established constitutional limits on monarchy.
Flashcard 8: Which empire was known for its use of mosaics and domed architecture?
Answer: Byzantine Empire. Eastern Christian empire centered in Constantinople.
Flashcard 9: Which Italian city-state was crucial to the development of the Renaissance?
Answer: Florence. Birthplace of Renaissance humanism and art.
Flashcard 10: Who initiated the first of the Crusades in 1095?
Answer: Pope Urban II. Called for holy war at Council of Clermont.
Flashcard 11: Which dynasty was established in England after the conclusion of the Wars of the Roses?
Answer: The Tudor dynasty. Henry VII founded new royal house.
Flashcard 12: What was the primary cause of the Hundred Years' War?
Answer: Dispute over the French throne. Edward III claimed French crown through his mother.
Flashcard 13: Identify the architectural style characterized by pointed arches and ribbed vaults.
Answer: Gothic architecture. Features height and light through structural innovations.
Flashcard 14: Which institution dominated religious life in medieval Europe?
Answer: The Catholic Church. Controlled education, politics, and spiritual life.
Flashcard 15: What was the focus of scholasticism?
Answer: Reconciliation of faith and reason. Combined Aristotelian philosophy with Christian doctrine.
Flashcard 16: What was the purpose of the Magna Carta?
Answer: Limit the power of the English monarch. Established that even kings must follow law.
Flashcard 17: Identify the military expeditions aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land from Muslim control.
Answer: The Crusades. Religious wars spanning 1095-1291.
Flashcard 18: Which philosopher is associated with the concept of 'natural law'?
Answer: Thomas Aquinas. Synthesized Aristotelian philosophy with Christianity.
Flashcard 19: What was the primary cause of the Hundred Years' War?
Answer: Dispute over the French throne. Edward III claimed French crown through his mother.
Flashcard 20: Identify the architectural style characterized by pointed arches and ribbed vaults.
Answer: Gothic architecture. Features height and light through structural innovations.
Flashcard 21: Which institution dominated religious life in medieval Europe?
Answer: The Catholic Church. Controlled education, politics, and spiritual life.
Flashcard 22: What was the focus of scholasticism?
Answer: Reconciliation of faith and reason. Combined Aristotelian philosophy with Christian doctrine.
Flashcard 23: What was the purpose of the Magna Carta?
Answer: Limit the power of the English monarch. Established that even kings must follow law.
Flashcard 24: Which pandemic significantly reduced Europe's population during the 14th century?
Answer: The Black Death. Killed one-third of Europe's population 1347-1351.
Flashcard 25: Who was the Italian poet famous for writing 'The Divine Comedy'?
Answer: Dante Alighieri. Epic poem depicting journey through Hell, Purgatory, Paradise.
Flashcard 26: Which scholarly language was used in medieval European universities?
Answer: Latin. Universal language of scholarship and church.
Flashcard 27: Which architectural feature is characteristic of Romanesque cathedrals?
Answer: Thick walls and rounded arches. Earlier medieval style emphasizing solidity and strength.
Flashcard 28: Which empire was known for its use of mosaics and domed architecture?
Answer: Byzantine Empire. Eastern Christian empire centered in Constantinople.
Flashcard 29: What document, signed in 1215, is considered a cornerstone of constitutional government?
Answer: The Magna Carta. First document limiting absolute royal authority.
Flashcard 30: Which Italian city-state was crucial to the development of the Renaissance?
Answer: Florence. Birthplace of Renaissance humanism and art.