All flashcards
Flashcard 1: What was a major change in labor during the Industrial Revolution?
Answer: Shift from agrarian to industrial work. Workers moved from farms to factories for wage labor.
Flashcard 2: Which city became known as the 'Workshop of the World' during the Industrial Age?
Answer: Manchester. Major cotton textile manufacturing center in industrial Britain.
Flashcard 3: Identify the social class that expanded due to the Industrial Revolution.
Answer: Middle class. Factory owners and professionals formed a new wealthy class.
Flashcard 4: What was the impact of the Industrial Revolution on global trade?
Answer: Expansion and increase in global trade. Faster transportation and mass production boosted international commerce.
Flashcard 5: Which country was the first to industrialize?
Answer: Great Britain. Had coal, capital, and colonial markets to fuel industrial growth.
Flashcard 6: What was the impact of industrialization on family structures?
Answer: Shift to nuclear family. Factory work separated families from extended agricultural communities.
Flashcard 7: What was a major technological advancement in communication during this period?
Answer: Telegraph. Electrical signals enabled instant long-distance communication.
Flashcard 8: Identify the economic shift characterized by the Industrial Revolution.
Answer: From agrarian to industrial economy. Manufacturing replaced farming as the primary economic activity.
Flashcard 9: Which invention is James Watt famous for improving?
Answer: Steam engine. His improvements made steam power practical for industrial use.
Flashcard 10: Identify the main industry that led the Industrial Revolution in Britain.
Answer: Textile industry. Cotton production and manufacturing drove early mechanization.
Flashcard 11: What was the impact of industrialization on transportation infrastructure?
Answer: Expansion of railways and roads. Steam trains and improved roads connected markets and factories.
Flashcard 12: What was a key characteristic of the Second Industrial Revolution?
Answer: Advancements in steel and electricity. Steel production and electrical power transformed manufacturing further.
Flashcard 13: Identify the movement that sought to improve working conditions and wages.
Answer: Trade unionism. Workers formed unions to collectively bargain for better treatment.
Flashcard 14: Which invention by Eli Whitney revolutionized the cotton industry?
Answer: Cotton gin. Mechanically separated cotton fibers from seeds efficiently.
Flashcard 15: What was one of the primary factors driving European imperialism in the 19th century?
Answer: Industrial demand for raw materials. Industrial nations needed colonies to supply cotton, minerals, and markets.
Flashcard 16: What was a key environmental consequence of the Industrial Revolution?
Answer: Increased pollution. Coal burning and industrial waste contaminated air and water.
Flashcard 17: Which event marked the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?
Answer: Introduction of mechanized spinning. Water-powered spinning jenny and other textile machines started mechanization.
Flashcard 18: What was the primary source of energy during the Industrial Revolution?
Answer: Coal. Abundant and efficient fuel source that powered steam engines and factories.
Flashcard 19: Identify the ideology that supports government ownership of production means.
Answer: Socialism. Economic system where government controls major industries and resources.
Flashcard 20: What was the role of women in the workforce during the Industrial Age?
Answer: Increased participation in factories. Many women entered textile mills and other industrial workplaces.
Flashcard 21: What was a significant social consequence of industrialization?
Answer: Rise of urban poor. Crowded urban slums formed as rural workers migrated to cities.
Flashcard 22: Which region became a major producer of raw materials in the Industrial Age?
Answer: Colonial territories. Colonies supplied cotton, metals, and agricultural products to factories.
Flashcard 23: Which system replaced the cottage industry during the Industrial Revolution?
Answer: Factory system. Centralized production in factories replaced home-based crafts.
Flashcard 24: What is the term for the movement of people to cities during the Industrial Revolution?
Answer: Urbanization. Rural populations migrated to industrial cities for factory jobs.
Flashcard 25: Which American city became a major industrial center in the 19th century?
Answer: Chicago. Railroad hub and meatpacking center in the American Midwest.
Flashcard 26: Which ideology advocated for a classless society during the Industrial Age?
Answer: Communism. Marx's theory advocated worker control and elimination of private property.
Flashcard 27: Identify the term for the 19th-century movement advocating workers' rights.
Answer: Labor movement. Workers organized to demand better wages and working conditions.
Flashcard 28: Which economic system emerged as a result of the Industrial Revolution?
Answer: Capitalism. Private ownership and free markets replaced traditional economies.
Flashcard 29: Which philosopher is associated with the concept of 'invisible hand'?
Answer: Adam Smith. Advocated free markets would naturally regulate economic activity.
Flashcard 30: What was the primary reason for the development of the factory system?
Answer: Efficient mass production. Centralized production increased output and reduced costs.