AP World History Modern Flashcards: Continuity And Change Industrial Age

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This deck focuses on Continuity And Change Industrial Age, giving you a quick way to review the definitions, rules, and examples that matter most for AP World History Modern.

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Work through these flashcards in short sessions. Try to answer each prompt before flipping the card, then revisit any cards you miss until the explanation feels automatic.

Flashcard 1: Identify the author of 'The Communist Manifesto'.

Answer: Karl Marx. Co-authored Communist Manifesto criticizing capitalist exploitation.

Flashcard 2: Which region became a major producer of raw materials in the Industrial Age?

Answer: Colonial territories. Colonies supplied cotton, metals, and agricultural products to factories.

Flashcard 3: Which American city became a major industrial center in the 19th century?

Answer: Chicago. Railroad hub and meatpacking center in the American Midwest.

Flashcard 4: Which invention by Eli Whitney revolutionized the cotton industry?

Answer: Cotton gin. Mechanically separated cotton fibers from seeds efficiently.

Flashcard 5: What was a major change in labor during the Industrial Revolution?

Answer: Shift from agrarian to industrial work. Workers moved from farms to factories for wage labor.

Flashcard 6: Identify the ideology that supports government ownership of production means.

Answer: Socialism. Economic system where government controls major industries and resources.

Flashcard 7: Which philosopher is associated with the concept of 'invisible hand'?

Answer: Adam Smith. Advocated free markets would naturally regulate economic activity.

Flashcard 8: Identify the main industry that led the Industrial Revolution in Britain.

Answer: Textile industry. Cotton production and manufacturing drove early mechanization.

Flashcard 9: Identify the social class that expanded due to the Industrial Revolution.

Answer: Middle class. Factory owners and professionals formed a new wealthy class.

Flashcard 10: Which system replaced the cottage industry during the Industrial Revolution?

Answer: Factory system. Centralized production in factories replaced home-based crafts.

Flashcard 11: Identify the movement that sought to improve working conditions and wages.

Answer: Trade unionism. Workers formed unions to collectively bargain for better treatment.

Flashcard 12: Identify the economic shift characterized by the Industrial Revolution.

Answer: From agrarian to industrial economy. Manufacturing replaced farming as the primary economic activity.

Flashcard 13: Which invention is James Watt famous for improving?

Answer: Steam engine. His improvements made steam power practical for industrial use.

Flashcard 14: Which social theory emerged in response to the inequalities of capitalism?

Answer: Socialism. Advocated collective ownership to address industrial inequality.

Flashcard 15: What was the primary source of energy during the Industrial Revolution?

Answer: Coal. Abundant and efficient fuel source that powered steam engines and factories.

Flashcard 16: Which country was the first to industrialize?

Answer: Great Britain. Had coal, capital, and colonial markets to fuel industrial growth.

Flashcard 17: What was the primary reason for the development of the factory system?

Answer: Efficient mass production. Centralized production increased output and reduced costs.

Flashcard 18: What was a key characteristic of the Second Industrial Revolution?

Answer: Advancements in steel and electricity. Steel production and electrical power transformed manufacturing further.

Flashcard 19: What was one of the primary factors driving European imperialism in the 19th century?

Answer: Industrial demand for raw materials. Industrial nations needed colonies to supply cotton, minerals, and markets.

Flashcard 20: What was the impact of the Industrial Revolution on global trade?

Answer: Expansion and increase in global trade. Faster transportation and mass production boosted international commerce.

Flashcard 21: Name an invention that significantly impacted agriculture during this time.

Answer: Mechanical reaper. Mechanized farming equipment increased crop harvesting efficiency.

Flashcard 22: Which ideology advocated for a classless society during the Industrial Age?

Answer: Communism. Marx's theory advocated worker control and elimination of private property.

Flashcard 23: What is the term for the economic policy of minimal governmental intervention?

Answer: Laissez-faire. French term meaning 'let do' - minimal government economic control.

Flashcard 24: Which city became known as the 'Workshop of the World' during the Industrial Age?

Answer: Manchester. Major cotton textile manufacturing center in industrial Britain.

Flashcard 25: Identify the term for the 19th-century movement advocating workers' rights.

Answer: Labor movement. Workers organized to demand better wages and working conditions.

Flashcard 26: Which demographic trend was accelerated by the Industrial Revolution?

Answer: Population growth. Better nutrition and medicine reduced mortality rates.

Flashcard 27: What was the impact of the Industrial Revolution on global economic power?

Answer: Shift towards industrial nations. Industrialized countries gained economic dominance over agricultural ones.

Flashcard 28: What was the impact of industrialization on transportation infrastructure?

Answer: Expansion of railways and roads. Steam trains and improved roads connected markets and factories.

Flashcard 29: Which event marked the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?

Answer: Introduction of mechanized spinning. Water-powered spinning jenny and other textile machines started mechanization.

Flashcard 30: What was the impact of industrialization on family structures?

Answer: Shift to nuclear family. Factory work separated families from extended agricultural communities.

Flashcard 31: What was the role of women in the workforce during the Industrial Age?

Answer: Increased participation in factories. Many women entered textile mills and other industrial workplaces.

Flashcard 32: What was a significant social consequence of industrialization?

Answer: Rise of urban poor. Crowded urban slums formed as rural workers migrated to cities.

Flashcard 33: Which type of power replaced human and animal labor in factories?

Answer: Machine power. Steam engines and machinery replaced manual labor in production.

Flashcard 34: What was a key environmental consequence of the Industrial Revolution?

Answer: Increased pollution. Coal burning and industrial waste contaminated air and water.

Flashcard 35: Name a significant transportation innovation during the Industrial Revolution.

Answer: Railroads. Steam-powered trains revolutionized land transportation and trade.

Flashcard 36: What is the term for the movement of people to cities during the Industrial Revolution?

Answer: Urbanization. Rural populations migrated to industrial cities for factory jobs.

Flashcard 37: What was a major technological advancement in communication during this period?

Answer: Telegraph. Electrical signals enabled instant long-distance communication.

Flashcard 38: What was the impact of the Industrial Revolution on child labor?

Answer: Increase in child labor. Children worked in factories under dangerous and exploitative conditions.

Flashcard 39: Which economic system emerged as a result of the Industrial Revolution?

Answer: Capitalism. Private ownership and free markets replaced traditional economies.