All flashcards
Flashcard 1: What was one effect of imperialism on European domestic policies?
Answer: Increased competition and rivalry among European powers. Colonial competition intensified diplomatic tensions and military buildups.
Flashcard 2: Identify a key feature of indirect rule as practiced by European empires.
Answer: Governance through local rulers under imperial authority. Maintained existing power structures while imposing imperial control.
Flashcard 3: Which ideology claimed that European races were superior and therefore justified in colonizing others?
Answer: Social Darwinism. Applied evolutionary theory to justify racial hierarchies and conquest.
Flashcard 4: What role did the Industrial Revolution play in imperialism?
Answer: It provided the technology and economic motive for expansion. Industrialization created need for raw materials and new markets.
Flashcard 5: Which empire's decline in the 19th century led to the expansion of European imperialism in Asia?
Answer: The decline of the Ottoman Empire. Ottoman weakness created power vacuum Europeans filled through expansion.
Flashcard 6: Identify one effect of imperialism on colonized societies.
Answer: Disruption of traditional cultures and social structures. Colonial rule destroyed existing political and social systems.
Flashcard 7: What was the impact of imperialism on indigenous governance structures?
Answer: Imposition of foreign governance systems and loss of sovereignty. Colonial rule replaced traditional political systems with foreign control.
Flashcard 8: Identify one environmental consequence of imperialism.
Answer: Exploitation and depletion of natural resources. Colonial extraction damaged ecosystems and depleted resources permanently.
Flashcard 9: Name one social justification used for imperialism.
Answer: The belief in the cultural superiority of Western societies. Europeans claimed their civilization was more advanced and needed spreading.
Flashcard 10: What was the relationship between imperialism and nationalism in colonized regions?
Answer: Imperialism often fueled nationalist movements for independence. Imperial oppression sparked independence movements and national identity.
Flashcard 11: Which European country colonized the Congo in the late 19th century?
Answer: Belgium. King Leopold II established brutal private colony there.
Flashcard 12: What was the significance of the Suez Canal in the context of imperialism?
Answer: It was a strategic route for trade and military movements. Canal provided shortest route between Europe and Asian colonies.
Flashcard 13: Identify a major consequence of the Treaty of Nanking (1842).
Answer: It marked the end of the First Opium War and ceded Hong Kong to Britain. Treaty established pattern of unequal agreements with China.
Flashcard 14: What was one effect of imperialism on European domestic policies?
Answer: Increased competition and rivalry among European powers. Colonial competition intensified diplomatic tensions and military buildups.
Flashcard 15: Name one way in which imperialism altered global trade patterns.
Answer: It increased the flow of raw materials to industrialized nations. Colonies provided cheap resources while buying manufactured goods.
Flashcard 16: Identify one method used by colonizers to maintain control over colonies.
Answer: Divide and rule tactics to prevent unity among colonized peoples. Strategy prevented unified resistance by exploiting ethnic divisions.
Flashcard 17: Which European power was primarily responsible for colonizing Australia?
Answer: Britain. Britain established penal colony and later permanent settlements.
Flashcard 18: What was the primary focus of French imperialism in Southeast Asia?
Answer: Economic exploitation and spreading French culture and influence. France combined economic exploitation with cultural assimilation policies.
Flashcard 19: State one way in which imperialism influenced cultural exchanges.
Answer: The introduction of Western education and languages in colonies. Colonial education systems spread European languages and values.
Flashcard 20: Which event marked the beginning of formal British rule in India?
Answer: The Government of India Act of 1858. Act transferred Indian administration from company to crown.
Flashcard 21: Identify a major factor leading to the end of imperialism after World War II.
Answer: The rise of nationalist movements in colonized regions. War weakened European powers while strengthening independence movements.
Flashcard 22: Which territories were primarily involved in the 'Great Game'?
Answer: Central Asia, between British India and Russian Empire. Strategic competition between Britain and Russia for regional influence.
Flashcard 23: What was a significant effect of imperialism on European culture?
Answer: Increased interest in and adoption of foreign cultural elements. Colonial contact introduced new art, food, and cultural practices.
Flashcard 24: Identify one way imperialism influenced global migration patterns.
Answer: Migration of colonial subjects to imperial centers for work. Colonial subjects moved to imperial centers seeking economic opportunities.
Flashcard 25: What role did missionaries play during the imperial age?
Answer: They spread Christianity and Western education in colonies. Missionaries combined religious conversion with Western cultural transmission.
Flashcard 26: Name one impact of imperialism on global health patterns.
Answer: Spread of Western medicine and public health systems. European medical knowledge reduced disease mortality in colonies.
Flashcard 27: Which African country remained independent during the imperial age?
Answer: Ethiopia. Ethiopia successfully defeated Italian invasion at Battle of Adwa.
Flashcard 28: What was the 'Scramble for Africa'?
Answer: A period of rapid colonization of Africa by European powers in the late 19th century. European competition led to swift partition of African territories.
Flashcard 29: What is the definition of imperialism?
Answer: Imperialism is the policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force. A formal definition describing territorial and political expansion.
Flashcard 30: Identify one economic motivation for imperialism in the 19th century.
Answer: The desire to acquire raw materials and new markets. European nations needed resources for industry and markets for goods.