Transatlantic Trade - AP U.S. History
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Which Caribbean export commodity became a major driver of the Atlantic economy and slave labor demand?
Which Caribbean export commodity became a major driver of the Atlantic economy and slave labor demand?
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Sugar. Labor-intensive crop that made Caribbean colonies extremely profitable.
Sugar. Labor-intensive crop that made Caribbean colonies extremely profitable.
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What term describes the exchange of plants, animals, people, and diseases between hemispheres after 1492?
What term describes the exchange of plants, animals, people, and diseases between hemispheres after 1492?
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Columbian Exchange. Biological and cultural transfers between Old and New Worlds.
Columbian Exchange. Biological and cultural transfers between Old and New Worlds.
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Identify the Old World disease that caused catastrophic population decline among Native Americans after contact.
Identify the Old World disease that caused catastrophic population decline among Native Americans after contact.
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Smallpox. Native Americans lacked immunity to this European disease.
Smallpox. Native Americans lacked immunity to this European disease.
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What was the Middle Passage in the context of transatlantic trade?
What was the Middle Passage in the context of transatlantic trade?
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The forced sea voyage of enslaved Africans to the Americas. The brutal second leg of triangular trade across the Atlantic.
The forced sea voyage of enslaved Africans to the Americas. The brutal second leg of triangular trade across the Atlantic.
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What was the primary labor system that made plantation exports profitable in the Atlantic World?
What was the primary labor system that made plantation exports profitable in the Atlantic World?
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Chattel slavery. Enslaved people were legally property that could be bought and sold.
Chattel slavery. Enslaved people were legally property that could be bought and sold.
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What does the term "Atlantic World" refer to in AP U.S. History?
What does the term "Atlantic World" refer to in AP U.S. History?
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Interconnected societies of Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Regions linked by trade, migration, and cultural exchange after 1492.
Interconnected societies of Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Regions linked by trade, migration, and cultural exchange after 1492.
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Which cash crop most directly drove the rapid expansion of slavery in the Chesapeake by the late 1600s?
Which cash crop most directly drove the rapid expansion of slavery in the Chesapeake by the late 1600s?
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Tobacco. Virginia's first profitable export crop required intensive labor.
Tobacco. Virginia's first profitable export crop required intensive labor.
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What term describes the Atlantic trading system linking Europe, Africa, and the Americas in the early modern era?
What term describes the Atlantic trading system linking Europe, Africa, and the Americas in the early modern era?
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Triangular trade. Named for the three-way route connecting three continents through trade.
Triangular trade. Named for the three-way route connecting three continents through trade.
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What European economic theory emphasized accumulating bullion and maintaining a favorable balance of trade?
What European economic theory emphasized accumulating bullion and maintaining a favorable balance of trade?
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Mercantilism. Nations sought to export more than import to accumulate wealth.
Mercantilism. Nations sought to export more than import to accumulate wealth.
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What was the main economic purpose of colonies under mercantilism?
What was the main economic purpose of colonies under mercantilism?
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To supply raw materials and serve as a captive market. Colonies existed to enrich the mother country economically.
To supply raw materials and serve as a captive market. Colonies existed to enrich the mother country economically.
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What were the Navigation Acts designed to do within the British Atlantic system?
What were the Navigation Acts designed to do within the British Atlantic system?
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Restrict colonial trade to benefit England and English shippers. Laws required colonial goods to pass through English ports.
Restrict colonial trade to benefit England and English shippers. Laws required colonial goods to pass through English ports.
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What term describes colonial practice of violating trade regulations through illegal commerce?
What term describes colonial practice of violating trade regulations through illegal commerce?
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Smuggling. Colonists evaded trade restrictions to maximize profits.
Smuggling. Colonists evaded trade restrictions to maximize profits.
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Which region of Africa supplied many captives to British North America and the Caribbean in the 1700s?
Which region of Africa supplied many captives to British North America and the Caribbean in the 1700s?
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West Africa. Gold Coast and Senegambia were major sources of enslaved people.
West Africa. Gold Coast and Senegambia were major sources of enslaved people.
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What does "enumerated goods" mean in the Navigation Acts?
What does "enumerated goods" mean in the Navigation Acts?
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Listed colonial exports required to be shipped to England or English colonies. Specific products like tobacco had to go through England first.
Listed colonial exports required to be shipped to England or English colonies. Specific products like tobacco had to go through England first.
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What term describes the British policy of loosely enforcing trade laws in the colonies before 1763?
What term describes the British policy of loosely enforcing trade laws in the colonies before 1763?
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Salutary neglect. Britain allowed violations to keep colonists content and productive.
Salutary neglect. Britain allowed violations to keep colonists content and productive.
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What was the Royal African Company’s main role in the English Atlantic economy in the late 1600s?
What was the Royal African Company’s main role in the English Atlantic economy in the late 1600s?
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English monopoly trade in enslaved Africans. Company held exclusive rights to English slave trade until 1698.
English monopoly trade in enslaved Africans. Company held exclusive rights to English slave trade until 1698.
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Identify the port city that became a major New England hub for the Atlantic slave trade in the 1700s.
Identify the port city that became a major New England hub for the Atlantic slave trade in the 1700s.
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Newport, Rhode Island. Northern port profited from distilling rum and trading for slaves.
Newport, Rhode Island. Northern port profited from distilling rum and trading for slaves.
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What was a key New England export that supported Atlantic trade by provisioning Caribbean plantations?
What was a key New England export that supported Atlantic trade by provisioning Caribbean plantations?
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Fish. Cod fed enslaved workers on sugar plantations cheaply.
Fish. Cod fed enslaved workers on sugar plantations cheaply.
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What term describes trade conducted in violation of imperial regulations and customs laws?
What term describes trade conducted in violation of imperial regulations and customs laws?
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Smuggling. Colonists evaded taxes and trade restrictions through illegal commerce.
Smuggling. Colonists evaded taxes and trade restrictions through illegal commerce.
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What was the main commodity distilled in New England and traded within the Atlantic economy?
What was the main commodity distilled in New England and traded within the Atlantic economy?
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Rum. Made from West Indies molasses, creating profitable triangular connections.
Rum. Made from West Indies molasses, creating profitable triangular connections.
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What was the primary export that drove New England participation in Atlantic commerce and shipbuilding?
What was the primary export that drove New England participation in Atlantic commerce and shipbuilding?
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Cod fish. Abundant North Atlantic fisheries created a valuable export commodity.
Cod fish. Abundant North Atlantic fisheries created a valuable export commodity.
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What plantation export crop most transformed the economy and demography of the Caribbean?
What plantation export crop most transformed the economy and demography of the Caribbean?
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Sugar. Required massive enslaved labor, making Caribbean colonies majority African.
Sugar. Required massive enslaved labor, making Caribbean colonies majority African.
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What was the staple crop most associated with the Chesapeake export economy?
What was the staple crop most associated with the Chesapeake export economy?
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Tobacco. Virginia and Maryland's economy depended on this labor-intensive crop.
Tobacco. Virginia and Maryland's economy depended on this labor-intensive crop.
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What is an enumerated good in the context of British trade regulation?
What is an enumerated good in the context of British trade regulation?
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A listed colonial export restricted to shipment to England. These goods like tobacco and sugar had to go through British ports first.
A listed colonial export restricted to shipment to England. These goods like tobacco and sugar had to go through British ports first.
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Which option best identifies a typical Americas-to-Europe cargo in the triangular trade: A) enslaved people B) plantation staples C) manufactured goods?
Which option best identifies a typical Americas-to-Europe cargo in the triangular trade: A) enslaved people B) plantation staples C) manufactured goods?
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B) plantation staples (for example, sugar, tobacco, rice). Raw agricultural products were the colonies' main exports to Europe.
B) plantation staples (for example, sugar, tobacco, rice). Raw agricultural products were the colonies' main exports to Europe.
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Which option best identifies a typical Europe-to-Africa cargo in the triangular trade: A) firearms/textiles B) sugar C) tobacco?
Which option best identifies a typical Europe-to-Africa cargo in the triangular trade: A) firearms/textiles B) sugar C) tobacco?
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A) firearms and textiles. Europeans traded manufactured goods for enslaved people in Africa.
A) firearms and textiles. Europeans traded manufactured goods for enslaved people in Africa.
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What was the key demographic consequence of Atlantic plantation economies in the Americas?
What was the key demographic consequence of Atlantic plantation economies in the Americas?
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Large-scale forced migration of Africans and racialized slavery. Created African-majority societies in many American colonies.
Large-scale forced migration of Africans and racialized slavery. Created African-majority societies in many American colonies.
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What was the Columbian Exchange in the context of transatlantic trade?
What was the Columbian Exchange in the context of transatlantic trade?
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Transfer of crops, animals, people, and diseases across the Atlantic. Began in 1492, reshaping global ecology, demographics, and economies.
Transfer of crops, animals, people, and diseases across the Atlantic. Began in 1492, reshaping global ecology, demographics, and economies.
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What was the asiento in the Atlantic world economy?
What was the asiento in the Atlantic world economy?
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A contract granting rights to supply enslaved people to Spanish colonies. Britain gained this lucrative monopoly from Spain in 1713.
A contract granting rights to supply enslaved people to Spanish colonies. Britain gained this lucrative monopoly from Spain in 1713.
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What 1713 treaty granted Britain the asiento, a major legal foothold in the Spanish Atlantic trade?
What 1713 treaty granted Britain the asiento, a major legal foothold in the Spanish Atlantic trade?
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Treaty of Utrecht. Ended War of Spanish Succession and expanded British trade privileges.
Treaty of Utrecht. Ended War of Spanish Succession and expanded British trade privileges.
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