Failure of Reconstruction - AP U.S. History

To provide land to African Americans and poor whites. Attempted to redistribute Southern land to the landless.

Union military forces. Federal troops protected Republican governments and voters.

Republican Party. Supported by African American voters and federal protection.

Racial discrimination in public accommodations. Prohibited discrimination in hotels, theaters, and transportation.

Georgia. Readmitted in 1870 after extended federal occupation.

To restore Democratic control in the South. Southern Democrats who 'redeemed' states from Republican rule.

Perpetuated economic dependency and poverty. Trapped farmers in cycles of debt and poverty.

To protect African American voting rights. Also known as the Force Acts, fought Klan terrorism.

Established the 'separate but equal' doctrine. Allowed racial segregation if facilities were theoretically equal.

Plessy v. Ferguson. 1896 decision that legalized segregation for decades.

Led to the Compromise of 1877. Disputed election results led to political deal ending Reconstruction.

To restore white supremacy. Used violence and intimidation to control black voters.

Northerners who moved South during Reconstruction. Southerners viewed them as exploiting the region's weakness.

Southern whites who supported Reconstruction. Often ostracized by other Southern whites for collaboration.

Lincoln's plan for re-admitting Southern states. Required only 10% of voters to take loyalty oath.

A stricter Reconstruction plan proposed by Congress. Required majority oath and denied rights to Confederate leaders.

Jim Crow laws. Named after minstrel show character, enforced segregation.

First U.S. law to define citizenship and affirm rights. Overrode Johnson's veto to protect freed slaves' rights.

Restored voting rights to most Confederates. Removed political disabilities from most former Confederates.

The Compromise of 1877. Withdrew federal troops in exchange for Hayes's presidency.

African Americans. Lost protection when federal troops were withdrawn in 1877.

Sharecropping. Farmers worked land but remained in debt to landowners.

Diverted attention from Southern issues. Economic crisis shifted Northern focus away from Reconstruction.

The 14th Amendment. Ratified in 1868, it overturned Dred Scott decision.

Republican Party. Supported by African American voters and federal protection.

Sharecropping. Farmers worked land but remained in debt to landowners.

To rebuild the South and integrate freed slaves into society. This was the primary objective following the Civil War.

The 14th Amendment. Ratified in 1868, it overturned Dred Scott decision.

The right to vote regardless of race. Ratified in 1870, though enforcement proved difficult.