Cultural Interactions: Europeans, Native Americans, Africans - AP U.S. History
Card 1 of 30
What term describes cultural blending between Native, African, and European peoples?
What term describes cultural blending between Native, African, and European peoples?
Tap to reveal answer
Syncretism. Cultures merged to create new hybrid religious and social practices.
Syncretism. Cultures merged to create new hybrid religious and social practices.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What is the name for communities of self-liberated Africans in Spanish America?
What is the name for communities of self-liberated Africans in Spanish America?
Tap to reveal answer
Maroons (palenques/quilombos in some regions). Escaped slaves formed independent communities resisting colonial control.
Maroons (palenques/quilombos in some regions). Escaped slaves formed independent communities resisting colonial control.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Identify the legal principle: a child’s status followed the mother in English colonies.
Identify the legal principle: a child’s status followed the mother in English colonies.
Tap to reveal answer
Partus sequitur ventrem. Virginia law making children of enslaved mothers automatically enslaved.
Partus sequitur ventrem. Virginia law making children of enslaved mothers automatically enslaved.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What was the Atlantic slave trade’s “Middle Passage”?
What was the Atlantic slave trade’s “Middle Passage”?
Tap to reveal answer
Forced transatlantic voyage transporting enslaved Africans to the Americas. Brutal oceanic journey with high mortality rates.
Forced transatlantic voyage transporting enslaved Africans to the Americas. Brutal oceanic journey with high mortality rates.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What was the cash crop most associated with early Caribbean plantation slavery?
What was the cash crop most associated with early Caribbean plantation slavery?
Tap to reveal answer
Sugar. Labor-intensive crop drove massive importation of enslaved Africans.
Sugar. Labor-intensive crop drove massive importation of enslaved Africans.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What was the main economic purpose of mercantilism in European colonies?
What was the main economic purpose of mercantilism in European colonies?
Tap to reveal answer
Use colonies to enrich the mother country through controlled trade. Colonies existed to provide raw materials and markets for Europe.
Use colonies to enrich the mother country through controlled trade. Colonies existed to provide raw materials and markets for Europe.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What system described Atlantic commerce linking Europe, Africa, and the Americas?
What system described Atlantic commerce linking Europe, Africa, and the Americas?
Tap to reveal answer
Triangular trade. Ships carried goods, slaves, and raw materials in three-leg route.
Triangular trade. Ships carried goods, slaves, and raw materials in three-leg route.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What was the Pueblo Revolt of $1680$?
What was the Pueblo Revolt of $1680$?
Tap to reveal answer
Pueblo uprising that expelled Spanish from New Mexico temporarily. Led by Popé against forced conversion and cultural suppression.
Pueblo uprising that expelled Spanish from New Mexico temporarily. Led by Popé against forced conversion and cultural suppression.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What was Metacom’s War (King Philip’s War) of $1675$–$1676$?
What was Metacom’s War (King Philip’s War) of $1675$–$1676$?
Tap to reveal answer
New England conflict between English settlers and Wampanoag-led coalition. Last major Native resistance to English expansion in southern New England.
New England conflict between English settlers and Wampanoag-led coalition. Last major Native resistance to English expansion in southern New England.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What was Bacon’s Rebellion of $1676$ primarily about on the frontier?
What was Bacon’s Rebellion of $1676$ primarily about on the frontier?
Tap to reveal answer
Settler anger over limited access to western land and conflict with Natives. Nathaniel Bacon led frontier farmers against Governor Berkeley's policies.
Settler anger over limited access to western land and conflict with Natives. Nathaniel Bacon led frontier farmers against Governor Berkeley's policies.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What was the “praying town” system in Puritan New England?
What was the “praying town” system in Puritan New England?
Tap to reveal answer
Settlements to Christianize and culturally assimilate Native peoples. John Eliot established towns for converted Christian Indians.
Settlements to Christianize and culturally assimilate Native peoples. John Eliot established towns for converted Christian Indians.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What was the main purpose of the Iroquois Confederacy (Haudenosaunee) in diplomacy?
What was the main purpose of the Iroquois Confederacy (Haudenosaunee) in diplomacy?
Tap to reveal answer
Coordinate defense and negotiate powerfully with European empires. Five (later Six) Nations united for collective strength.
Coordinate defense and negotiate powerfully with European empires. Five (later Six) Nations united for collective strength.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What was the Stono Rebellion of $1739$?
What was the Stono Rebellion of $1739$?
Tap to reveal answer
Major enslaved uprising in South Carolina aiming for freedom in Spanish Florida. Largest colonial slave rebellion before the American Revolution.
Major enslaved uprising in South Carolina aiming for freedom in Spanish Florida. Largest colonial slave rebellion before the American Revolution.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What is the term for people of mixed European and Native American ancestry in New France?
What is the term for people of mixed European and Native American ancestry in New France?
Tap to reveal answer
Métis. French-Indian mixed heritage, especially from fur trade marriages.
Métis. French-Indian mixed heritage, especially from fur trade marriages.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What was the primary goal of Spanish missions in North America?
What was the primary goal of Spanish missions in North America?
Tap to reveal answer
Convert Native peoples to Christianity and incorporate them into empire. Missions served as frontier institutions for Spanish colonization.
Convert Native peoples to Christianity and incorporate them into empire. Missions served as frontier institutions for Spanish colonization.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What was the mita system in Spanish America?
What was the mita system in Spanish America?
Tap to reveal answer
Forced rotational Native labor, especially for mining. Inca system adapted by Spanish for silver mining at Potosí.
Forced rotational Native labor, especially for mining. Inca system adapted by Spanish for silver mining at Potosí.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What Spanish labor system granted colonists control of Native labor and tribute?
What Spanish labor system granted colonists control of Native labor and tribute?
Tap to reveal answer
Encomienda system. Spanish colonists received Native labor in exchange for protection and conversion.
Encomienda system. Spanish colonists received Native labor in exchange for protection and conversion.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What demographic factor most increased Native American mortality after $1492$?
What demographic factor most increased Native American mortality after $1492$?
Tap to reveal answer
Eurasian diseases (especially smallpox) causing epidemic depopulation. Native Americans lacked immunity to Old World diseases.
Eurasian diseases (especially smallpox) causing epidemic depopulation. Native Americans lacked immunity to Old World diseases.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What was the main reason English planters increasingly shifted from indentured servants to enslaved Africans?
What was the main reason English planters increasingly shifted from indentured servants to enslaved Africans?
Tap to reveal answer
A more permanent, inheritable labor force for plantation agriculture. Servants gained freedom; enslaved people provided lifelong labor.
A more permanent, inheritable labor force for plantation agriculture. Servants gained freedom; enslaved people provided lifelong labor.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What did “chattel slavery” mean in British North America?
What did “chattel slavery” mean in British North America?
Tap to reveal answer
Legal system treating enslaved people as inheritable property for life. Children inherited enslaved status from mothers, creating perpetual bondage.
Legal system treating enslaved people as inheritable property for life. Children inherited enslaved status from mothers, creating perpetual bondage.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Which region became a major destination for enslaved Africans due to sugar plantations?
Which region became a major destination for enslaved Africans due to sugar plantations?
Tap to reveal answer
The Caribbean (especially the West Indies). Sugar cultivation's extreme labor demands drove massive slave imports.
The Caribbean (especially the West Indies). Sugar cultivation's extreme labor demands drove massive slave imports.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Which Old World disease most devastated Native Americans after 1492?
Which Old World disease most devastated Native Americans after 1492?
Tap to reveal answer
Smallpox. Lacked immunity, causing 90% population decline in some areas.
Smallpox. Lacked immunity, causing 90% population decline in some areas.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What was the encomienda system in Spanish America?
What was the encomienda system in Spanish America?
Tap to reveal answer
Crown-granted Native labor tribute to Spaniards in exchange for “protection”. Exploited Native labor while claiming to provide Christian instruction.
Crown-granted Native labor tribute to Spaniards in exchange for “protection”. Exploited Native labor while claiming to provide Christian instruction.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What was the mita system as used by Spain in the Americas?
What was the mita system as used by Spain in the Americas?
Tap to reveal answer
Forced Native labor draft, especially for mining. Adapted from Incan practice, particularly brutal in silver mines like Potosí.
Forced Native labor draft, especially for mining. Adapted from Incan practice, particularly brutal in silver mines like Potosí.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What did Bartolomé de las Casas primarily advocate regarding Native peoples?
What did Bartolomé de las Casas primarily advocate regarding Native peoples?
Tap to reveal answer
Ending Native enslavement and abusive labor practices. Dominican friar who documented Spanish atrocities and promoted Native rights.
Ending Native enslavement and abusive labor practices. Dominican friar who documented Spanish atrocities and promoted Native rights.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What were “praying towns” in New England?
What were “praying towns” in New England?
Tap to reveal answer
Puritan-run settlements to convert and culturally assimilate Native Americans. Required adopting English customs, Christianity, and abandoning traditional ways.
Puritan-run settlements to convert and culturally assimilate Native Americans. Required adopting English customs, Christianity, and abandoning traditional ways.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What was the primary goal of Spanish missions in borderlands regions?
What was the primary goal of Spanish missions in borderlands regions?
Tap to reveal answer
Convert Native peoples and incorporate them into Spanish colonial society. Combined religious conversion with Spanish cultural and economic control.
Convert Native peoples and incorporate them into Spanish colonial society. Combined religious conversion with Spanish cultural and economic control.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What term describes people of mixed European and Native American ancestry in Spanish colonies?
What term describes people of mixed European and Native American ancestry in Spanish colonies?
Tap to reveal answer
Mestizo. Spanish colonial term for mixed European-Indigenous heritage.
Mestizo. Spanish colonial term for mixed European-Indigenous heritage.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What term describes people of mixed European and African ancestry in Spanish colonies?
What term describes people of mixed European and African ancestry in Spanish colonies?
Tap to reveal answer
Mulatto. Spanish colonial term for mixed European-African heritage.
Mulatto. Spanish colonial term for mixed European-African heritage.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What was the casta system in Spanish America?
What was the casta system in Spanish America?
Tap to reveal answer
Racial hierarchy that ranked people by ancestry and shaped legal/social status. Complex system determining privileges based on racial ancestry percentages.
Racial hierarchy that ranked people by ancestry and shaped legal/social status. Complex system determining privileges based on racial ancestry percentages.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →