Maslow was a part of the humanistic movement. He developed a hierarchy of needs, which includes physiological needs (i.e. food, water, shelter), safety, belonging and love, esteem, and self-actualization. According to Maslow, a person cannot experience upper level needs without satisfying the needs below it. Therefore, a person could not experience belonging and esteem without his or her physiological needs being met. Freud is considered the father of psychoanalysis and focused on the role of the unconscious. Beck is the father of cognitive therapy, which addresses the role of thoughts and beliefs in influencing emotions. Darwin was an evolutionist who developed the theory of natural selection. Carl Rogers was also a part of humanism, but he believed that all humans have the potential for reaching higher level needs like self-actualization. He did not believe that lower level needs must also be satisfied.

In order, Maslow's hierarchy of needs are physiological, safety, social/belonging, self-esteem, and self-actualization. Physiological needs include water and food, safety needs include financial security and health, social/belonging needs include friendship and family, self-esteem needs include confidence and respect from others, self-actualization needs include the need to accomplish everything that a person feels he/she is capable of doing.

Maslow believed that all of the lower levels of the hierarchy needed to be met in order for someone to achieve the highest level: self-actualization.

Maslow's hierarchy of needs states that there are various levels of motivation that drive people. As a result, physiological needs must be satisfied before someone can pursue higher motivations. According to Maslow, self-actualization is the highest motivation that one can achieve.

There are many types of psychological motivation, including intrinsic and extrinsic, conscious and unconscious, and approach and avoidance. Intrinsic motivation occurs when the action itself is beneficial, whereas extrinsic motivation occurs when the action can lead to a benefit. Conscious motivation is motivation that we are aware of, whereas unconscious motivation is motivation that affects us without our knowledge. Avoidance motivation is staying clear of negative things, whereas approach motivation is seeking positive things. Inherent motivation is not a key term used in psychology.

Abraham Maslow is most famous for his theory about the hierarchy of needs, which states that people are motivated to fulfill a number of needs and once they fill one, they move to the next higher level need. The needs, in order are: physical needs, security needs, belongingness, self-esteem, and self-actualization.

Homeostasis is the state of balance in the body. The hedonic principle is that people are motivated to seek pleasure and avoid/resist pain. Terror management theory describes the conflict between the desire to continue living and the knowledge that death is inevitable. Unconscious conflict is associated with Freud, not Maslow.

These are four of Abraham Maslow's five needs. His theory regarding human motivation consists of a pyramid-like hierarchy of needs: physiological needs (hunger, thirst, health, sex, etc.), safety needs, belonging and love needs, esteem needs (approval and recognition), and self-acutalization needs (living up to one's own potential).

Edward Thorndike was a prominent American psychologist who proposed the law of effect, which posits that responses that are followed with a positive consequence are more likely to be repeated, as opposed to responses that are not reinforced. B.F. Skinner's theory of operant conditioning is primarily based on the law of effect.

The concept of the theory is in its name. The Drive-Reduction Theory reduces motivation to satisfying drives caused by biological needs. On a side-note, because of this simplification, many critics have argued that it fails to account for pleasure-seeking activities.

The order of Maslow's hierarchy of needs is as follows: physical needs, security needs, belongingness, self-esteem, and self-actualization. All of the scenarios in the answer choices follow that order besides "Thomas sacrificing food for the night to buy flowers for the girl he loves" because he is putting a physical need before the need for belongingness/companionship.

The stages of the sexual response cycle are as follows: excitement, plateau, orgasm, and refractory. The excitement phase involves erection, blood rushing to the genitals, and increases in heart rate. The plateau phase involves the secretion of genital fluid and maintained increased heart rate. Orgasm involves ejaculation, feelings of ecstasy, and vaginal contractions. The refractory phase involves normal heart rate and a time period in which orgasm cannot occur.