AP Psychology › Other Treatment Principles
Which answer is not a true statement about electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?
Used for anyone with depression
Overused in the 1940s/1950s
One of the last lines of treatment when other treatments do not work
Electrical current runs through the brain
Causes muscle convulsions
ECT is a last resort treatment for individuals with extremely severe or suicidal depression. The harsh side-effects, past abuses of the procedure, and the general neurological risks of the procedure make it a controversial and rarely used procedure. The practice is still in use in some very limited situations, but it is NOT used for "anyone with depression."
What's the difference between a psychiatrist and a clinical psychologist?
A psychiatrist prescribes medication whereas a clinical psychologist performs therapy
A clinical psychologist prescribes medication whereas a psychiatrist performs therapy
There is no difference
A psychiatrist has to get a graduate degree whereas a clinical psychologist does not
A clinical psychologist has to get a graduate degree whereas a psychiatrist does not
The difference between a psychiatrist and clinical psychologist is mostly in their functions-- psychiatrists give referrals for medications and clinical psychologists act as therapists. Both psychiatrists and clinical psychologists have to go to graduate school for multiple years. Keep in mind that although their functions differ, they often work together to help a patient successfully go through treatment.
Which of the following is not a way that therapists can help individuals with dissociative identity disorder?
Try to get the subpersonalities to all obtain equal power and "face time" in the life of the person
Help the individual recognize the disorder and educate the patient on the full nature of their disorder
Help the client recover their lost memories and missing pieces of their past
Try to help the patient merge their subpersonalities into a single, integrated identity
All of these answers are ways therapists help people with dissociative identity disorder
Dissociative identity disorder is highly disruptive due to the overarching presence of subpersonalities that are controlling different aspects of a person's life. The goal in therapy is to fuse all the personalities, not help them all obtain equal power and "face time" in the life of a person.
Which of the following is true about psychosurgery?
Prefrontal lobotomies are a famous example of psychosurgery
It is the first line of defense in treatment
Its uses are unanimously accepted by doctors today
It has few side effects compared to other types of treatment
It is a comparatively non-intrusive method of treatment
Psychosurgery is surgery performed on the brain and it is one of the last resorts in treatment because it is costly, risky, intrusive, and still debated by scientists today. Prefrontal lobotomies were one of the first methods of psychosurgery and ended up leading to grave side effects for many of the people who underwent it.
Suzie, a first year medical student, is squeamish at the sight of blood. After months of practice in a medical facility, her reaction to blood begins to lessen. This is an example of which of the following?
Desensitization
Trial-and-error learning
Covert sensitization
Aversion
Conditioned response
In this instance, Suzie became more used to the sight of blood after periods of exposure. In this way, because of this gradual exposure, she was desensitized to the sight of blood.
All of the following are true statements about Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), EXCEPT __________.
they are never combined with cognitive talk therapy
they are often used to treat depression
they are often used to treat mood disorders
they block the reabsorption of serotonin
All of the other statements are true.
SSRIs CAN be, and are often, combined with cognitive talk therapy. In fact, it would be quite rare for a person to be prescribed anti-depressants without some element of talk therapy being used as a part of their course of treatment.
What are two well-known and generally successful ways to treat acute and post-traumatic stress disorders?
Group therapy and behavioral-exposure treatments
Re-exposure to trauma and deep breathing techniques
Group therapy and re-exposure to trauma
Electroconvulsive therapy and hypnosis
Hypnosis and water-treatment therapy
Many approaches and treatments have found to be successful in reducing PTSD. Some of the most successful include eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, participation in rap or therapy groups, psychological debriefing, insight therapy, and behavioral exposure techniques.
Which psychological disorder has the highest suicide rate?
Bipolar disorder
Schizophrenia
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Dementia
Histrionic personality disorder
Of all the psychological disorders, bipolar disorder has the highest rate of suicide at 15-20%. Is is directly followed by schizophrenia and borderline personality disorder, both around 10-15%. While the factors leading to suicide vary widely, these rates demonstrate the great difficulties that come with the inherent symptoms of disorder.
Which type of treatment is considered to be the most effective for most disorders?
Therapy in conjunction with medication
Medication alone
Therapy alone
Starting with medication alone and then transitioning to therapy alone
Starting with therapy alone and then transitioning to medication alone
Research has shown that combination treatment, i.e. taking medication and doing therapy at the same time, is the most effective type of treatment and therefore leads to faster, better recovery. Although some people start off with medication and move to therapy or vice versa, that has not shown to increase the effectiveness of treatment.
Which treatment modality advocates unconditional positive regard for the client?
Humanistic
Psychoanalytic
Psychodynamic
Bio-behavioral
Developmental
Humanistic psychology, pioneered by Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow, is a psychological perspective that advocates the study of the whole person. Unconditional positive regard occurs when therapists support and accept the client wholeheartedly, regardless of the client's expressed views and behaviors.