AP Psychology › Motivation, Emotion, and Personality
Which of these characteristics is a basic tenet of a fantasy-prone personality?
Vivid imagination
Dislike of authority
Strong fluid reasoning
Left-handedness
Ability to speak a second language
Those with a fantasy-prone personality spend much time daydreaming, thus utilizing their vivid imagination. They are often able to recall their fantasies with near perfect accuracy.
Which of these characteristics is a basic tenet of a fantasy-prone personality?
Vivid imagination
Dislike of authority
Strong fluid reasoning
Left-handedness
Ability to speak a second language
Those with a fantasy-prone personality spend much time daydreaming, thus utilizing their vivid imagination. They are often able to recall their fantasies with near perfect accuracy.
Hank has recently been attending sessions with a psychoanalyst. He has developed an attachment to his analyst and feels very emotionally involved with her. This is an example of which of the following?
Transference
Countertransference
Reaction
None of these
Transference is when a patient reacts to the analyst as if they were an important person in the patient's life. The patient develops an emotional attachment to the analyst. The opposite, when an analyst develops feeling of personal attachment or significance towards a patient, is called countertransference.
Which of these characteristics is a basic tenet of a fantasy-prone personality?
Vivid imagination
Dislike of authority
Strong fluid reasoning
Left-handedness
Ability to speak a second language
Those with a fantasy-prone personality spend much time daydreaming, thus utilizing their vivid imagination. They are often able to recall their fantasies with near perfect accuracy.
Hank has recently been attending sessions with a psychoanalyst. He has developed an attachment to his analyst and feels very emotionally involved with her. This is an example of which of the following?
Transference
Countertransference
Reaction
None of these
Transference is when a patient reacts to the analyst as if they were an important person in the patient's life. The patient develops an emotional attachment to the analyst. The opposite, when an analyst develops feeling of personal attachment or significance towards a patient, is called countertransference.
Hank has recently been attending sessions with a psychoanalyst. He has developed an attachment to his analyst and feels very emotionally involved with her. This is an example of which of the following?
Transference
Countertransference
Reaction
None of these
Transference is when a patient reacts to the analyst as if they were an important person in the patient's life. The patient develops an emotional attachment to the analyst. The opposite, when an analyst develops feeling of personal attachment or significance towards a patient, is called countertransference.
Which of the following best describes the rationale behind Freud’s naming of psychosexual stages (e.g. oral, anal, phallic, latent, and genital)?
They are named for the area of the body that children derive sexual pleasure from at that point in their development
They are named for the area of the body that children admire most in their parents at that point in their development
All of these
They are named for the sexual pleasure that the child avoids at that point in their development
None of these
Freud's psychosexual stages use sexuality to explain personality and are named for the area of the body that children derive sexual pleasure from at that point in their development. The stages are: oral, anal, phallic, latent, and genital. During the oral stage, for example, the child derives pleasure from sucking and biting.
Mikey paints every afternoon after school because he genuinely enjoys painting. What type of motivation is he exhibiting?
Intrinsic motivation
Extrinsic motivation
Psychosocial motivation
Athletic motivation
Deterministic motivation
Intrinsic motivation is defined as motivation to complete a behavior because it is internally satisfying to the person. On the contrary, extrinstic motivation is defined as motivation to complete a behavior to acquire extrinsic rewards (for example, money, food, or elevation of status).
Mikey paints every afternoon after school because he genuinely enjoys painting. What type of motivation is he exhibiting?
Intrinsic motivation
Extrinsic motivation
Psychosocial motivation
Athletic motivation
Deterministic motivation
Intrinsic motivation is defined as motivation to complete a behavior because it is internally satisfying to the person. On the contrary, extrinstic motivation is defined as motivation to complete a behavior to acquire extrinsic rewards (for example, money, food, or elevation of status).
Which of the following explanations is most representative of the James-Lange theory of emotion?
Aaron’s heart started beating faster when he encountered a bear on a hiking trip. When he realized his heartbeat was faster, he realized he was afraid.
After being insulted by her friend, Beatrice simultaneously feels her muscles tense up and herself starting to get angry.
Daniel is told over the phone that his mother has been in a severe car accident. His brain processes this information and sends out signals that cause tears to well up in his eyes as well as trigger a rush of sadness.
Violet sees a brightly colored snake in her backyard, which triggers autonomic arousal in her body. As she becomes aware of this activated state, Violet considers why her body is reacting this way and determines that she must be excited since she loves snakes.
The example with Aaron is the best choice. In the James-Lange view, an external stimulus creates a bodily change, and then that bodily change prompts the emotional experience (i.e. Aaron is afraid because his heart is beating quickly). Contrastingly, the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion posits that the stimulus triggers a response in the brain, which then contributes to the physiological (e.g. bodily changes) and subjective (e.g. “I must be feeling __________”) experiences of emotion at the same time. This is why the examples with Beatrice and Daniel both reflect the Cannon-Bard view. The example with Violet is related to the Schachter-Singer theory of emotion (also called the two-factor theory), which is harder to distinguish from the James-Lange theory. The “two factors” in this theory are autonomic arousal (ti.e. he heightened bodily response to an emotionally inductive stimulus) and cognitive appraisal (i.e. what you think about your body’s reaction). Since Violet thinks about her body’s reaction and determines she is excited, rather than instantly concluding her emotional state like Aaron did; therefore, she is demonstrating the Schachter-Singer theory.