Carl Jung coined the term "collective unconscious," which is defined a shared, inherited memory that all humans possess due to our shared ancestry. The collective unconscious is used to explain the commonalities observed between different cultures throughout the world.

In psychoanalytic theory, the superego is the seat of objective internalized ideals and judgments, which provides a reference for comparison to actualized words and deeds in the exterior conscious self. People who follow the superego too closely may develop fixations or neuroses when the world (and they themselves) fail to live up to their extreme expectations.

Humanistic psychology follows a conscious experience and focuses the individual potential of each person. It strongly focuses on free will, does not rely on experimentation and emphasizes psychological growth.

The correct answer is sublimation. Sublimation is defined as the conversion of sexual or aggressive impulses into socially acceptable behaviors. In this case, you were able to convert your anger into a more productive, socially acceptable activity: cleaning. Defense mechanisms are created by the ego to reduce anxiety and distort reality. Defense mechanisms consist of sublimation, repression, regression, reaction formation, projection, rationalization, displacement, and fixation.

Locke, a staunch Empiricist, believed that we can only acquire knowledge from observation and experience; in fact, he argued that we are born without any knowledge at all. Thus, he considered the human mind at birth a tabula rasa, or "blank slate".

According to Rotter, behavioral outcomes are governed by subjective expectations of the outcomes or results of our behavior. This is because different types of reinforcement have different values, depending on the person. What is reinforcing for one person may not matter to another. For example, one child may learn to clean his room when promised time to play computer games while another may respond to a chance to play outdoors.

The humanistic model supports the belief that people are innately good and can exercise free will and creativity. This paradigm was proposed by Maslow in opposition to Freud's mechanistic and sexual ideas which are consistent with his psychoanalytic model. The humanistic model also emphasizes the power of the individual promotes the maintenance of a coherent, unified sense of self.

According to the Gestalt principle of “Figure/Ground,” our tendency for perceptual organization leads us to view objects in relation to their background. Depending on how an individual’s perception is organized, he or she is more likely to see the figure or the ground. When looking at this famous image, most people will gravitate toward a view of faces or vase; however, they are reversible and when called into attention both can be seen.

Rene Descartes, a French philosopher who contributed greatly to the study of learning (i.e. the process by which we come to have knowledge), suggested that some of our knowledge is innate. In other words, human beings are born with ideas about certain concepts, such as infinity, perfection, or divine deities. In learning, this is referred to as the concept of nativism.

According to Erickson’s theory person who successfully completes a psychosocial development stage achieves ego quality—or ego strength. If a stage was managed poorly, then it will result in insecurity.