All flashcards
Flashcard 1: Identify the brain region involved in language comprehension.
Answer: Wernicke's area. Language understanding center in the temporal lobe.
Flashcard 2: What is the primary function of the amygdala?
Answer: Processing emotions. Fear center critical for emotional learning.
Flashcard 3: What is the primary focus of the hippocampus?
Answer: Formation of new memories. Consolidates experiences into lasting memories.
Flashcard 4: What is reinforcement in behaviorist theory?
Answer: A stimulus that increases the likelihood of a behavior. Strengthens behavior through positive or negative consequences.
Flashcard 5: What is the role of acetylcholine in the brain?
Answer: Involved in learning and memory. Enhances attention and facilitates memory formation.
Flashcard 6: Which neurotransmitter is associated with reward and pleasure?
Answer: Dopamine. Key neurotransmitter in reinforcement learning.
Flashcard 7: What is the primary focus of the hippocampus?
Answer: Formation of new memories. Consolidates experiences into lasting memories.
Flashcard 8: State the role of mirror neurons in learning.
Answer: Mirror neurons facilitate imitation and empathy. Fire when observing actions, enabling social learning.
Flashcard 9: What is the primary role of the frontal lobe?
Answer: Executive functions and decision-making. Higher-order thinking and behavioral regulation.
Flashcard 10: What is a schema in cognitive psychology?
Answer: A cognitive framework for organizing information. Mental structure that guides information processing.
Flashcard 11: What is the term for the brain's ability to change and adapt?
Answer: Neuroplasticity. Brain's capacity for learning-induced structural changes.
Flashcard 12: Which lobe of the brain is most associated with executive functions?
Answer: Frontal lobe. Controls planning, reasoning, and impulse control.
Flashcard 13: What theory did Albert Bandura develop?
Answer: Social Learning Theory. Emphasizes learning through observation and modeling.
Flashcard 14: Which neurotransmitter is associated with reward and pleasure?
Answer: Dopamine. Key neurotransmitter in reinforcement learning.
Flashcard 15: Which part of the brain is crucial for motor control and coordination?
Answer: Cerebellum. Also processes cognitive tasks and motor learning.
Flashcard 16: What is the term for a decrease in response after repeated exposure?
Answer: Habituation. Adaptive response that filters out irrelevant stimuli.
Flashcard 17: Define the concept of self-efficacy.
Answer: Belief in one's ability to succeed. Confidence influences motivation and learning persistence.
Flashcard 18: What is the primary function of dopamine in the brain?
Answer: Regulates reward and pleasure systems. Motivates goal-seeking and reinforces learning behaviors.
Flashcard 19: Which brain structure is involved in the processing of fear?
Answer: Amygdala. Evaluates threats and triggers fear responses.
Flashcard 20: What is the definition of extrinsic motivation?
Answer: Motivation driven by external rewards. Behavior driven by external consequences or incentives.
Flashcard 21: Identify the process of acquiring and modifying knowledge and skills.
Answer: Learning. Fundamental process of behavioral and cognitive change.
Flashcard 22: What is the role of the thalamus in the brain?
Answer: Relays sensory information to the cortex. Gateway that filters information to appropriate brain areas.
Flashcard 23: Which neurotransmitter is most associated with stress response?
Answer: Norepinephrine. Activates fight-or-flight responses during threats.
Flashcard 24: What is the term for learning through consequences of behavior?
Answer: Operant conditioning. Behavior shaped by rewards and punishments.
Flashcard 25: Identify the type of conditioning demonstrated by B.F. Skinner's experiments.
Answer: Operant conditioning. Learning through consequences, not just associations.
Flashcard 26: What is the role of acetylcholine in the brain?
Answer: Involved in learning and memory. Enhances attention and facilitates memory formation.
Flashcard 27: Which brain part regulates autonomic functions like heart rate?
Answer: Medulla oblongata. Controls breathing and heart rate automatically.
Flashcard 28: Define cognitive dissonance.
Answer: Mental discomfort from holding contradictory beliefs. Motivates attitude change to reduce inconsistency.
Flashcard 29: Identify the psychologist who proposed the hierarchy of needs.
Answer: Abraham Maslow. Humanistic approach to motivation and self-actualization.
Flashcard 30: What is the term for the brain's ability to change and adapt?
Answer: Neuroplasticity. Brain's capacity for learning-induced structural changes.