AP Psychology Flashcards: Psychodynamic And Humanistic Theories Of Personality

What this deck covers

This deck focuses on Psychodynamic And Humanistic Theories Of Personality, giving you a quick way to review the definitions, rules, and examples that matter most for AP Psychology.

How to use these flashcards

Work through these flashcards in short sessions. Try to answer each prompt before flipping the card, then revisit any cards you miss until the explanation feels automatic.

Flashcard 1: What is the primary focus of psychodynamic theories of personality?

Answer: Unconscious processes influencing behavior. Emphasizes hidden mental forces shaping thoughts and actions.

Flashcard 2: Which psychodynamic theorist emphasized birth order's impact on personality?

Answer: Alfred Adler. Individual psychology founder who studied sibling relationships' effects.

Flashcard 3: What is the main focus of humanistic theories of personality?

Answer: Personal growth and self-actualization. Emphasizes human potential and positive psychological development.

Flashcard 4: Which humanistic theorist emphasized the importance of self-concept?

Answer: Carl Rogers. Developed person-centered therapy focusing on self-perception.

Flashcard 5: What is the term for unconscious processes that distort reality to reduce anxiety?

Answer: Defense mechanisms. Unconscious strategies that protect against psychological threats.

Flashcard 6: What is the primary focus of psychodynamic theories of personality?

Answer: Unconscious processes influencing behavior. Emphasizes hidden mental forces shaping thoughts and actions.

Flashcard 7: Which theory emphasizes the role of free will in shaping personality?

Answer: Humanistic theory. Believes individuals can choose their actions and shape destiny.

Flashcard 8: What is the term for unconscious processes that distort reality to reduce anxiety?

Answer: Defense mechanisms. Unconscious strategies that protect against psychological threats.

Flashcard 9: What is the primary goal of client-centered therapy?

Answer: Facilitate personal growth and self-discovery. Rogers' therapeutic approach emphasizing acceptance and empathy.

Flashcard 10: During which psychosexual stage does the Oedipus complex occur?

Answer: Phallic stage. Third stage (3-6 years) when children develop attraction to opposite-sex parent.

Flashcard 11: What is the key concept of Carl Rogers' theory of personality?

Answer: Self-concept. Individual's overall perception and understanding of themselves.

Flashcard 12: What is the primary goal of client-centered therapy?

Answer: Facilitate personal growth and self-discovery. Rogers' therapeutic approach emphasizing acceptance and empathy.

Flashcard 13: What is the opposite of the life instinct in Freud's theory?

Answer: Thanatos (death instinct). Destructive drive toward aggression and self-destruction.

Flashcard 14: What is the term for the innate drive to fulfill one's potential?

Answer: Self-actualization. Maslow's term for reaching one's highest potential and creativity.

Flashcard 15: What is the term for the individual's perception of self in humanistic theory?

Answer: Self-concept. Rogers' central concept of how people view themselves.

Flashcard 16: What is the highest level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

Answer: Self-actualization. Peak need involving realizing one's full creative and moral potential.

Flashcard 17: What is the highest level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

Answer: Self-actualization. Peak need involving realizing one's full creative and moral potential.

Flashcard 18: What is the defense mechanism of transforming unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable actions?

Answer: Sublimation. Channels inappropriate impulses into positive, constructive activities.

Flashcard 19: Who developed the hierarchy of needs concept?

Answer: Abraham Maslow. American psychologist who created the famous pyramid of human needs.

Flashcard 20: Identify the concept of 'archetypes' in Jung's theory.

Answer: Universal, symbolic images in the collective unconscious. Jung's inherited, universal patterns shared across all humanity.

Flashcard 21: Which defense mechanism involves attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts to others?

Answer: Projection. Unconsciously assigns one's own traits to other people.

Flashcard 22: What is the main criticism of Freud's theories?

Answer: Lack of empirical support. Theories are difficult to test scientifically and objectively.

Flashcard 23: What are the three components of Freud's model of personality?

Answer: Id, Ego, Superego. Three-part structural model representing different aspects of the mind.

Flashcard 24: Which Freudian stage involves the resolution of the Oedipus complex?

Answer: Phallic stage. Third psychosexual stage where complex is typically resolved.

Flashcard 25: Which psychologist is associated with the concept of unconditional positive regard?

Answer: Carl Rogers. Humanistic theorist who emphasized acceptance without conditions.

Flashcard 26: In Freud's theory, what is the term for life instinct?

Answer: Eros. Drive toward survival, reproduction, and life-preserving behaviors.

Flashcard 27: What is the main focus of Carl Jung's analytical psychology?

Answer: Collective unconscious and archetypes. Jung's theory emphasizing shared human symbols and experiences.

Flashcard 28: What is the defense mechanism of transforming unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable actions?

Answer: Sublimation. Channels inappropriate impulses into positive, constructive activities.

Flashcard 29: Which psychosexual stage involves fixation on oral activities?

Answer: Oral stage. First stage (0-18 months) focused on mouth as pleasure source.

Flashcard 30: What is the key concept of Carl Rogers' theory of personality?

Answer: Self-concept. Individual's overall perception and understanding of themselves.

Flashcard 31: Identify the process of becoming aware of one's internal experiences in humanistic therapy.

Answer: Self-awareness. Developing conscious understanding of one's thoughts and feelings.

Flashcard 32: Which theory emphasizes the role of free will in shaping personality?

Answer: Humanistic theory. Believes individuals can choose their actions and shape destiny.

Flashcard 33: Identify the stage where toilet training occurs according to Freud.

Answer: Anal stage. Second stage (18 months-3 years) involving bowel control.

Flashcard 34: What does Maslow's hierarchy of needs suggest about motivation?

Answer: Motivation progresses through levels of needs. Lower needs must be satisfied before higher needs become motivating.

Flashcard 35: Which psychodynamic theorist introduced the concept of 'basic anxiety'?

Answer: Karen Horney. Neo-Freudian who focused on childhood insecurity and anxiety.

Flashcard 36: What are the three components of Freud's model of personality?

Answer: Id, Ego, Superego. Three-part structural model representing different aspects of the mind.

Flashcard 37: What is the role of the ego according to Freud?

Answer: Mediates between id, superego, and reality. Reality principle governs this rational, balancing component.

Flashcard 38: Which psychodynamic theorist introduced the concept of 'basic anxiety'?

Answer: Karen Horney. Neo-Freudian who focused on childhood insecurity and anxiety.

Flashcard 39: What does Maslow's hierarchy of needs suggest about motivation?

Answer: Motivation progresses through levels of needs. Lower needs must be satisfied before higher needs become motivating.

Flashcard 40: Which defense mechanism involves attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts to others?

Answer: Projection. Unconsciously assigns one's own traits to other people.

Flashcard 41: Which psychodynamic theorist emphasized social and cultural factors?

Answer: Karen Horney. Neo-Freudian who challenged male-centered psychoanalytic concepts.

Flashcard 42: Identify the humanistic theory concept that involves the actualizing tendency.

Answer: Self-actualization. Rogers' term for the inherent drive toward personal growth.

Flashcard 43: What is the term for the conscious, rational part of the personality?

Answer: Ego. Operates on reality principle, making rational decisions.

Flashcard 44: Which psychologist introduced the concept of 'inferiority complex'?

Answer: Alfred Adler. Neo-Freudian who emphasized social factors and striving for superiority.

Flashcard 45: What is the main criticism of Freud's theories?

Answer: Lack of empirical support. Theories are difficult to test scientifically and objectively.

Flashcard 46: During which psychosexual stage does the Oedipus complex occur?

Answer: Phallic stage. Third stage (3-6 years) when children develop attraction to opposite-sex parent.

Flashcard 47: Which psychologist introduced the concept of 'inferiority complex'?

Answer: Alfred Adler. Neo-Freudian who emphasized social factors and striving for superiority.

Flashcard 48: Which psychodynamic theorist emphasized social and cultural factors?

Answer: Karen Horney. Neo-Freudian who challenged male-centered psychoanalytic concepts.

Flashcard 49: What is the term for the innate drive to fulfill one's potential?

Answer: Self-actualization. Maslow's term for reaching one's highest potential and creativity.

Flashcard 50: What is the primary function of defense mechanisms?

Answer: Protect the ego from anxiety. Shields consciousness from threatening or anxiety-provoking thoughts.

Flashcard 51: Which humanistic theorist emphasized the importance of self-concept?

Answer: Carl Rogers. Developed person-centered therapy focusing on self-perception.

Flashcard 52: What is the term for the individual's perception of self in humanistic theory?

Answer: Self-concept. Rogers' central concept of how people view themselves.

Flashcard 53: What is the defense mechanism characterized by reverting to earlier behaviors?

Answer: Regression. Returns to earlier developmental stage behaviors when stressed.

Flashcard 54: Identify the founder of psychoanalytic theory.

Answer: Sigmund Freud. Austrian neurologist who developed psychoanalysis in the late 1800s.

Flashcard 55: Who developed the hierarchy of needs concept?

Answer: Abraham Maslow. American psychologist who created the famous pyramid of human needs.

Flashcard 56: What is the primary function of defense mechanisms?

Answer: Protect the ego from anxiety. Shields consciousness from threatening or anxiety-provoking thoughts.

Flashcard 57: Identify the humanistic theory concept that involves the actualizing tendency.

Answer: Self-actualization. Rogers' term for the inherent drive toward personal growth.

Flashcard 58: What is the role of the ego according to Freud?

Answer: Mediates between id, superego, and reality. Reality principle governs this rational, balancing component.

Flashcard 59: Identify the concept of 'archetypes' in Jung's theory.

Answer: Universal, symbolic images in the collective unconscious. Jung's inherited, universal patterns shared across all humanity.

Flashcard 60: Identify the process of becoming aware of one's internal experiences in humanistic therapy.

Answer: Self-awareness. Developing conscious understanding of one's thoughts and feelings.

Flashcard 61: What defense mechanism involves redirecting emotions to a safer object?

Answer: Displacement. Transfers feelings from threatening target to less threatening substitute.

Flashcard 62: What is the main goal of psychoanalytic therapy?

Answer: Bring unconscious material to consciousness. Makes repressed conflicts and memories available to conscious awareness.

Flashcard 63: Which psychologist is associated with the concept of unconditional positive regard?

Answer: Carl Rogers. Humanistic theorist who emphasized acceptance without conditions.

Flashcard 64: What is the main focus of humanistic theories of personality?

Answer: Personal growth and self-actualization. Emphasizes human potential and positive psychological development.

Flashcard 65: What is the opposite of the life instinct in Freud's theory?

Answer: Thanatos (death instinct). Destructive drive toward aggression and self-destruction.

Flashcard 66: Which psychodynamic theorist emphasized birth order's impact on personality?

Answer: Alfred Adler. Individual psychology founder who studied sibling relationships' effects.

Flashcard 67: What defense mechanism involves redirecting emotions to a safer object?

Answer: Displacement. Transfers feelings from threatening target to less threatening substitute.

Flashcard 68: What is the defense mechanism characterized by reverting to earlier behaviors?

Answer: Regression. Returns to earlier developmental stage behaviors when stressed.

Flashcard 69: Identify the defense mechanism characterized by refusing to accept reality.

Answer: Denial. Unconsciously blocks out painful or threatening information.

Flashcard 70: Which Freudian stage involves the resolution of the Oedipus complex?

Answer: Phallic stage. Third psychosexual stage where complex is typically resolved.

Flashcard 71: Which psychosexual stage involves fixation on oral activities?

Answer: Oral stage. First stage (0-18 months) focused on mouth as pleasure source.

Flashcard 72: Identify the stage where toilet training occurs according to Freud.

Answer: Anal stage. Second stage (18 months-3 years) involving bowel control.

Flashcard 73: Identify the founder of psychoanalytic theory.

Answer: Sigmund Freud. Austrian neurologist who developed psychoanalysis in the late 1800s.

Flashcard 74: What is the term for the conscious, rational part of the personality?

Answer: Ego. Operates on reality principle, making rational decisions.

Flashcard 75: What is the main goal of psychoanalytic therapy?

Answer: Bring unconscious material to consciousness. Makes repressed conflicts and memories available to conscious awareness.

Flashcard 76: Identify the defense mechanism characterized by refusing to accept reality.

Answer: Denial. Unconsciously blocks out painful or threatening information.

Flashcard 77: What is the main focus of Carl Jung's analytical psychology?

Answer: Collective unconscious and archetypes. Jung's theory emphasizing shared human symbols and experiences.

Flashcard 78: In Freud's theory, what is the term for life instinct?

Answer: Eros. Drive toward survival, reproduction, and life-preserving behaviors.