Interaction of Heredity and Environment - AP Psychology
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What is the definition of a phenotype?
What is the definition of a phenotype?
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Phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism. It's the visible expression of genetic and environmental factors.
Phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism. It's the visible expression of genetic and environmental factors.
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Which term describes the study of changes in organisms caused by gene expression?
Which term describes the study of changes in organisms caused by gene expression?
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Epigenetics. Focuses on heritable changes in gene activity without DNA changes.
Epigenetics. Focuses on heritable changes in gene activity without DNA changes.
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Identify a method to measure the impact of environment on intelligence.
Identify a method to measure the impact of environment on intelligence.
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Environmental enrichment studies. Studies how improved environments affect cognitive performance.
Environmental enrichment studies. Studies how improved environments affect cognitive performance.
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Identify a factor that demonstrates gene-environment interaction in health.
Identify a factor that demonstrates gene-environment interaction in health.
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Diet and obesity. Genetic susceptibility modifies response to dietary factors.
Diet and obesity. Genetic susceptibility modifies response to dietary factors.
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What is an example of a non-shared environmental influence?
What is an example of a non-shared environmental influence?
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Different peer groups. Unique experiences that make siblings different from each other.
Different peer groups. Unique experiences that make siblings different from each other.
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Which psychological disorder has a well-documented genetic component?
Which psychological disorder has a well-documented genetic component?
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Schizophrenia. Shows strong genetic component with environmental triggers.
Schizophrenia. Shows strong genetic component with environmental triggers.
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What does a high heritability score imply?
What does a high heritability score imply?
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A large portion of trait variation is due to genetic differences. Most individual differences are explained by genetic factors.
A large portion of trait variation is due to genetic differences. Most individual differences are explained by genetic factors.
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What does the term 'plasticity' refer to in a genetic context?
What does the term 'plasticity' refer to in a genetic context?
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The capacity for genes to be influenced by the environment. Genes can be responsive to environmental inputs.
The capacity for genes to be influenced by the environment. Genes can be responsive to environmental inputs.
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What is the role of methylation in epigenetics?
What is the role of methylation in epigenetics?
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Methylation can silence gene expression. A key epigenetic mechanism for controlling gene activity.
Methylation can silence gene expression. A key epigenetic mechanism for controlling gene activity.
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What is the concept of 'reaction range' in genetics?
What is the concept of 'reaction range' in genetics?
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The range of possible phenotypes for a genotype influenced by the environment. Environment determines which potential phenotype is expressed.
The range of possible phenotypes for a genotype influenced by the environment. Environment determines which potential phenotype is expressed.
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What is the definition of 'epigenetic modification'?
What is the definition of 'epigenetic modification'?
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Chemical changes to DNA that affect gene expression without altering the sequence. These changes can be inherited across generations.
Chemical changes to DNA that affect gene expression without altering the sequence. These changes can be inherited across generations.
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What is the term for environmental influences that are consistent for siblings?
What is the term for environmental influences that are consistent for siblings?
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Shared environment. Common family experiences that affect all children similarly.
Shared environment. Common family experiences that affect all children similarly.
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Identify a psychological trait with significant genetic influence.
Identify a psychological trait with significant genetic influence.
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Personality. Shows strong genetic influence with moderate heritability.
Personality. Shows strong genetic influence with moderate heritability.
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Which factor can modify the expression of genetic traits?
Which factor can modify the expression of genetic traits?
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Environmental conditions. Environment can activate or suppress genetic predispositions.
Environmental conditions. Environment can activate or suppress genetic predispositions.
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What is the role of methylation in epigenetics?
What is the role of methylation in epigenetics?
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Methylation can silence gene expression. A key epigenetic mechanism for controlling gene activity.
Methylation can silence gene expression. A key epigenetic mechanism for controlling gene activity.
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Identify the concept describing how experience can shape brain structure.
Identify the concept describing how experience can shape brain structure.
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Neuroplasticity. The brain's ability to reorganize based on experience.
Neuroplasticity. The brain's ability to reorganize based on experience.
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What does the term 'plasticity' refer to in a genetic context?
What does the term 'plasticity' refer to in a genetic context?
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The capacity for genes to be influenced by the environment. Genes can be responsive to environmental inputs.
The capacity for genes to be influenced by the environment. Genes can be responsive to environmental inputs.
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What is the definition of 'heritability coefficient'?
What is the definition of 'heritability coefficient'?
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A statistic representing the proportion of phenotypic variance due to genetics. Ranges from 0 to 1, indicating genetic contribution strength.
A statistic representing the proportion of phenotypic variance due to genetics. Ranges from 0 to 1, indicating genetic contribution strength.
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What does the term 'gene-environment correlation' mean?
What does the term 'gene-environment correlation' mean?
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Genetic factors influence exposure to specific environments. Genes influence what environments individuals encounter.
Genetic factors influence exposure to specific environments. Genes influence what environments individuals encounter.
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Identify an example of a passive gene-environment correlation.
Identify an example of a passive gene-environment correlation.
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Parents pass on genes and also create a compatible environment. Children inherit both genes and matching environmental contexts.
Parents pass on genes and also create a compatible environment. Children inherit both genes and matching environmental contexts.
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What is an evocative gene-environment correlation?
What is an evocative gene-environment correlation?
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Genes evoke responses from the environment that enhance genetic tendencies. Individual traits elicit specific responses from others.
Genes evoke responses from the environment that enhance genetic tendencies. Individual traits elicit specific responses from others.
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Which psychological disorder has a well-documented genetic component?
Which psychological disorder has a well-documented genetic component?
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Schizophrenia. Shows strong genetic component with environmental triggers.
Schizophrenia. Shows strong genetic component with environmental triggers.
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Identify a key environmental factor that affects cognitive development.
Identify a key environmental factor that affects cognitive development.
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Nutrition. Essential for proper brain development and intellectual growth.
Nutrition. Essential for proper brain development and intellectual growth.
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What does the term 'cultural inheritance' refer to?
What does the term 'cultural inheritance' refer to?
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Transmission of cultural beliefs and practices across generations. Non-genetic transmission of learned behaviors and knowledge.
Transmission of cultural beliefs and practices across generations. Non-genetic transmission of learned behaviors and knowledge.
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Which concept explains the influence of prenatal environment on development?
Which concept explains the influence of prenatal environment on development?
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Fetal programming. Early environment permanently alters gene expression patterns.
Fetal programming. Early environment permanently alters gene expression patterns.
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What is an example of a non-shared environmental influence?
What is an example of a non-shared environmental influence?
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Different peer groups. Unique experiences that make siblings different from each other.
Different peer groups. Unique experiences that make siblings different from each other.
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What is an example of a shared environmental influence?
What is an example of a shared environmental influence?
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Family income. An environmental factor that siblings experience similarly.
Family income. An environmental factor that siblings experience similarly.
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Identify a factor that influences both heredity and environment.
Identify a factor that influences both heredity and environment.
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Socioeconomic status. It affects both genetic expression and environmental opportunities.
Socioeconomic status. It affects both genetic expression and environmental opportunities.
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Which concept explains how environment influences genetic expression?
Which concept explains how environment influences genetic expression?
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Gene-environment correlation. When genes and environment mutually influence each other.
Gene-environment correlation. When genes and environment mutually influence each other.
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What is the definition of a gene-environment interaction?
What is the definition of a gene-environment interaction?
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It is when genetic predisposition modifies response to environmental factors. Different genotypes respond differently to the same environment.
It is when genetic predisposition modifies response to environmental factors. Different genotypes respond differently to the same environment.
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