Explaining and Classifying Psychological Disorders - AP Psychology

Presence of two or more distinct personality states. Each identity may have different memories and behaviors.

Illness anxiety disorder. Involves excessive worry about having a serious medical condition.

Bipolar disorder. Manic episodes involve elevated mood and increased activity.

Exposure therapy. Gradually exposes patients to feared objects or situations.

Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks. Attacks include physical symptoms like rapid heartbeat and sweating.

Intense fear of social situations and being judged by others. Can significantly impair work, school, or social functioning.

Changing negative thought patterns to improve emotions and behaviors. Combines cognitive restructuring with behavioral techniques.

Pervasive distrust and suspicion of others. Often involves interpreting neutral actions as threatening.

Fear of situations where escape might be difficult or help unavailable. Can lead to complete avoidance of leaving home.

Disorganized thinking. Includes difficulty organizing thoughts and speaking coherently.

Re-experiencing traumatic events through flashbacks or nightmares. Often triggered by exposure to life-threatening events.

An intense, irrational fear of a specific object or situation. Fear is disproportionate to actual danger posed.

Persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest. Symptoms must persist for at least two weeks for diagnosis.

Exposure therapy. Gradually exposes patients to feared objects or situations.

Intense fear of social situations and being judged by others. Can significantly impair work, school, or social functioning.

Bulimia involves binge eating and purging; anorexia involves severe food restriction. Both involve distorted body image and unhealthy eating patterns.

A pervasive pattern of disregard for others' rights. Often involves criminal behavior and lack of remorse.

Changing negative thought patterns to improve emotions and behaviors. Combines cognitive restructuring with behavioral techniques.

Bipolar disorder. Manic episodes involve elevated mood and increased activity.

Disorganized thinking. Includes difficulty organizing thoughts and speaking coherently.

Exaggerated sense of self-importance. Often includes lack of empathy for others.

Pervasive distrust and suspicion of others. Often involves interpreting neutral actions as threatening.

Alleviates severe depression symptoms. Used when medication and psychotherapy are ineffective.

Dissociative identity disorder (DID). Previously known as multiple personality disorder.

Inattention and/or hyperactive-impulsive behavior. Symptoms must appear before age 12 for diagnosis.

Preoccupation with orderliness and perfectionism. Different from OCD, which involves intrusive thoughts.

To teach skills for emotional regulation and distress tolerance. Originally developed for borderline personality disorder.

Excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behavior. Behavior is often theatrical and designed to draw attention.

Excessive need to be taken care of by others. Leads to difficulty making independent decisions.