All flashcards
Flashcard 1: What is the testing effect in terms of encoding memory?
Answer: Enhanced memory after retrieving information through testing. Active retrieval practice strengthens memory encoding pathways.
Flashcard 2: What is the role of the prefrontal cortex in memory encoding?
Answer: Involved in organizing and integrating information during encoding. Executive control center that coordinates encoding processes.
Flashcard 3: Which encoding method involves linking information with existing knowledge?
Answer: Elaborative encoding. Connects new information to prior knowledge for deeper processing.
Flashcard 4: What is the spacing effect in the context of encoding?
Answer: Encoding is enhanced when learning is spaced over time. Distributed practice prevents forgetting and strengthens retention.
Flashcard 5: Which brain structure is crucial for encoding new memories?
Answer: The hippocampus. Essential brain region for forming new long-term memories.
Flashcard 6: What is the primary function of sensory memory in encoding?
Answer: Briefly retains sensory information for processing. Acts as temporary buffer before information moves to short-term memory.
Flashcard 7: What is the role of context in encoding memories?
Answer: Context provides cues that enhance encoding and retrieval. Environmental context serves as retrieval cues during recall.
Flashcard 8: Which encoding method involves creating vivid mental images?
Answer: Imagery. Visual mental pictures enhance memory through dual coding.
Flashcard 9: What is the impact of levels of processing on encoding?
Answer: Deeper processing results in stronger encoding and recall. Semantic processing creates stronger memories than shallow processing.
Flashcard 10: What is the testing effect in terms of encoding memory?
Answer: Enhanced memory after retrieving information through testing. Active retrieval practice strengthens memory encoding pathways.
Flashcard 11: How does distributed practice affect memory encoding?
Answer: Improves encoding by spacing out study sessions over time. Spacing prevents interference and strengthens memory consolidation.
Flashcard 12: What is effortful processing in the context of encoding?
Answer: Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort. Intentional encoding that demands cognitive resources and focus.
Flashcard 13: What is meant by the term 'automatic processing' in encoding?
Answer: Encoding information unconsciously without effort. Occurs without conscious awareness or intention.
Flashcard 14: Identify the process of encoding information by relating it to oneself.
Answer: Self-reference effect. Information related to self is processed more deeply and remembered better.
Flashcard 15: What encoding method involves associating items with specific locations?
Answer: The method of loci. Spatial memory technique using familiar physical locations as cues.
Flashcard 16: Which memory model includes encoding, storage, and retrieval?
Answer: The information-processing model. Computer analogy model with three sequential memory processes.
Flashcard 17: What is the primary effect of using mnemonics in encoding?
Answer: Improves recall by associating information with familiar concepts. Memory aids that create associations with familiar information.
Flashcard 18: What is elaborative rehearsal?
Answer: Connecting new information to existing knowledge for deeper encoding. Creates meaningful associations that strengthen memory traces.
Flashcard 19: What is the definition of encoding in memory processes?
Answer: Encoding is the process of converting information into a form for storage. First step in memory formation before storage and retrieval.
Flashcard 20: Which type of encoding is involved in processing visual images?
Answer: Visual encoding. Processes images and spatial information for memory storage.
Flashcard 21: Which encoding strategy involves creating a story with the information?
Answer: Storytelling mnemonics. Narrative structure provides meaningful connections between items.
Flashcard 22: What is the significance of emotional arousal in encoding memories?
Answer: Enhances encoding by activating the amygdala. Strong emotions create more vivid and lasting memories.
Flashcard 23: Which encoding strategy utilizes first-letter cues?
Answer: Acrostic mnemonics. Uses first letters to form sentences or phrases as memory aids.
Flashcard 24: Which memory model includes encoding, storage, and retrieval?
Answer: The information-processing model. Computer analogy model with three sequential memory processes.
Flashcard 25: What is meant by the term 'automatic processing' in encoding?
Answer: Encoding information unconsciously without effort. Occurs without conscious awareness or intention.
Flashcard 26: Identify the encoding strategy involving the use of rhymes.
Answer: Rhyming mnemonics. Uses sound patterns and rhythm to aid memory recall.
Flashcard 27: What is the von Restorff effect in terms of encoding?
Answer: Distinctive items are more easily encoded and remembered. Unusual or distinctive items stand out and are better remembered.
Flashcard 28: What is the impact of sleep on encoding memories?
Answer: Consolidates and strengthens encoded memories. Sleep promotes memory consolidation and strengthens neural pathways.
Flashcard 29: Identify the encoding technique involving repetition.
Answer: Rehearsal. Repetition strengthens neural pathways through repeated activation.
Flashcard 30: Which encoding method benefits from organizing information hierarchically?
Answer: Hierarchical encoding. Organizes information in structured levels from general to specific.