Social Relationships and Roles Practice Test
•15 QuestionsPassage
In many Japanese families, older patterns emphasized the ie (household lineage, meaning a continuing family unit across generations). Parents often divided responsibilities by gender, and grandparents sometimes lived nearby or in the same home. In contemporary settings, more couples shared paid work and household tasks, and many families lived in smaller apartments. Even so, grandparents often offered after-school care, advice, or financial help. Community ties also mattered. Neighborhood groups called chōnaikai (local residents’ associations that coordinate cleanups and festivals) and school-based PTA (Parent-Teacher Association, meaning a school-family support group) shaped expectations for volunteering and mutual support. These networks reduced pressure on one parent but also added time commitments. Compared with many Western families, Japanese households sometimes relied more on coordinated community routines, while Western families often stressed individual choice and privacy. The passage noted, however, that both contexts included diverse arrangements and changing norms.
Question
Based on the text, which statement best reflects the passage’s comparison approach?
Passage
In many Japanese families, older patterns emphasized the ie (household lineage, meaning a continuing family unit across generations). Parents often divided responsibilities by gender, and grandparents sometimes lived nearby or in the same home. In contemporary settings, more couples shared paid work and household tasks, and many families lived in smaller apartments. Even so, grandparents often offered after-school care, advice, or financial help. Community ties also mattered. Neighborhood groups called chōnaikai (local residents’ associations that coordinate cleanups and festivals) and school-based PTA (Parent-Teacher Association, meaning a school-family support group) shaped expectations for volunteering and mutual support. These networks reduced pressure on one parent but also added time commitments. Compared with many Western families, Japanese households sometimes relied more on coordinated community routines, while Western families often stressed individual choice and privacy. The passage noted, however, that both contexts included diverse arrangements and changing norms.
Question
Based on the text, which statement best reflects the passage’s comparison approach?