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Questions 1 - 10
1

Galileo’s support of which of the following theories caused him to be persecuted by the inquisition?

Heliocentrism

Tyconicism

Geocentrism

Early Flight

Air pressure

Explanation

Galileo Galilee was an influential Italian mathematician, astronomer, physicist, and philosopher who has been called “the father of Astronomy” and “The father of Modern Physics”. His discoveries are numerous and include discovering that the moon is round, not flat and that the planet Venus had phases, which strongly supported Copernicus’s theory that the sun is the center of the universe and the planets rotate around it (Heliocentrism). In 1632 Galileo wrote a book called “Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems” which argued for the theory of Heliocentrism, which was against the church’s teachings. He was tried by the inquisition for heresy, was forced to retract his claims, was put under house arrest for the rest of his life.

2

What was the Boxer Rebellion?

A popular revolt in China against European colonial influences

A popular revolt in India against European colonial influences

A popular revolt in China against British opium importers

A popular revolt in India against British opium importers

Explanation

The Boxer Rebellion broke out in China in the last years of the nineteenth century and was eventually crushed by the combined efforts of local government administrators and the European powers in 1900. The rebellion broke out in China due to anger directed at the growing influence of European powers in Chinese affairs.

3

Galileo’s support of which of the following theories caused him to be persecuted by the inquisition?

Heliocentrism

Tyconicism

Geocentrism

Early Flight

Air pressure

Explanation

Galileo Galilee was an influential Italian mathematician, astronomer, physicist, and philosopher who has been called “the father of Astronomy” and “The father of Modern Physics”. His discoveries are numerous and include discovering that the moon is round, not flat and that the planet Venus had phases, which strongly supported Copernicus’s theory that the sun is the center of the universe and the planets rotate around it (Heliocentrism). In 1632 Galileo wrote a book called “Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems” which argued for the theory of Heliocentrism, which was against the church’s teachings. He was tried by the inquisition for heresy, was forced to retract his claims, was put under house arrest for the rest of his life.

4

An imperialist power takes control over what three aspects of another people/country?

Social, political, and economic

Farming, religion, and language

Education, territory, and resources

Leaders, government, and trade

Explanation

When a country becomes imperialistic (an imperial power, or ruler over large territory), they take control over another country or people's economy (money/trade), social (their culture/religion/language), and political (government/leaders/rulers/laws) areas or ways of life. Often, a country takes control in order to take advantage of natural resources in an attempt to make more money and become all-powerful.

5

Which political ideology views human history primarily as a struggle between economic classes and predicts that the working class will eventually revolt and overthrow the wealthy?

Marxism

Fascism

Calvinism

Republicanism

Totalitarianism

Explanation

Karl Marx explained this ideology in The Communist Manifesto. Communism, or Marxism, describes human history as a constant struggle between the rich and poor, and predicts the eventual uprising where the working class (the proletariat) rebels and seizes control.

Totalitarianism is a political system in which the government controls every facet of society and individuals liberties are nearly non-existent.

Fascism is the brand of totalitarianism that developed in European nations such as Germany, Italy, and Spain in the 1920's and '30's, which is also characterized by intense government propaganda to create loyalty to a charismatic leader.

Calvinism is not a political ideology, but a religion. It is a form of Protestantism that differs from other Christian sects in its belief in pre-determination, the idea that one's destination in the afterlife is already determined at birth.

Republicanism is an ideology in which the government is run by representatives elected by the citizens.

6

Which of these European nations was the second to begin industrializing its economy after Great Britain?

Belgium

France

The Netherlands

Germany

Sweden

Explanation

The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain, but by 1807, a British entrepreneur named William Cockerill had created a textile-machine-manufacturing business in Belgium that helped spread the Industrial Revolution first around Belgium, then to France, and finally around the European continent. Cockerill was particularly important because at the time, Britain was engaged in a war with Napoleonic France and most of Europe was cut off from British industrial production and innovation.

7

All of these theories on government emerged during the Enlightenment except __________.

the Divine Right of Kings

the consent of the governed

the social contract

checks and balances

All of these emerged during the Enlightenment.

Explanation

All of these theories emerged during the Enlightenment except for the Divine Right of Kings, which had its origins in the autocratic monarchies of the centuries that preceded the Enlightenment. The Divine Right of Kings stated that the right of the king to rule was divinely ordained by God and that to resist the king was therefore to resist the will of God.

8

Which political ideology views human history primarily as a struggle between economic classes and predicts that the working class will eventually revolt and overthrow the wealthy?

Marxism

Fascism

Calvinism

Republicanism

Totalitarianism

Explanation

Karl Marx explained this ideology in The Communist Manifesto. Communism, or Marxism, describes human history as a constant struggle between the rich and poor, and predicts the eventual uprising where the working class (the proletariat) rebels and seizes control.

Totalitarianism is a political system in which the government controls every facet of society and individuals liberties are nearly non-existent.

Fascism is the brand of totalitarianism that developed in European nations such as Germany, Italy, and Spain in the 1920's and '30's, which is also characterized by intense government propaganda to create loyalty to a charismatic leader.

Calvinism is not a political ideology, but a religion. It is a form of Protestantism that differs from other Christian sects in its belief in pre-determination, the idea that one's destination in the afterlife is already determined at birth.

Republicanism is an ideology in which the government is run by representatives elected by the citizens.

9

What was the group from the 3rd Estate that ruled France early in the French Revolution?

The National Assembly

The Committee of Public Safety

The Directory

The Consulate

Explanation

The group that represented the Third Estate when the Kings of France called the Estates General was displeased with how power was being shared. Despite having twice the representatives, they did not have twice as many votes as the other estates. They therefore walked out and created their own rival organization that would take power and start the revolution, the National Assembly.

10

Which of the following was NOT one of the principal aims of Joseph Stalin's five-year plans for the Soviet Union in the 1920s and 1930s?

To develop artistic and literary talents

To create a more socialist society

To increase agricultural production

To develop a strong industrial economy

To develop a powerful army

Explanation

The principal aims of Stalin's five-year plans were to develop a strong industrial economy centered on steel production, develop a powerful state army, increase agricultural production, and create a more socialist society. The development of artistic and literary talents was not one of the primary aims. In fact, Soviet art and literature became highly political during this era and was heavily influenced by propaganda.

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