All flashcards
Flashcard 1: Identify the 19th-century British politician who was a leading abolitionist.
Answer: William Wilberforce. British MP who led the parliamentary campaign against slave trade.
Flashcard 2: What was the primary justification used by Europeans for the slave trade?
Answer: Belief in racial superiority. Racist ideology used to justify enslaving African people.
Flashcard 3: Identify the primary economic system that benefited from the slave trade.
Answer: Mercantilism. Economic system emphasizing national wealth through favorable trade balances.
Flashcard 4: What was the Zong Massacre?
Answer: An incident where enslaved Africans were thrown overboard from a ship. 1781 case where 132 Africans were murdered for insurance money.
Flashcard 5: What was the primary agricultural product of the slave-based economy in the American South?
Answer: Cotton. Cotton plantations in the American South depended on slave labor.
Flashcard 6: Which European country abolished slavery in its colonies in 1848?
Answer: France. Second Republic abolished slavery in all French territories permanently.
Flashcard 7: What year did the British Parliament pass the Abolition of the Slave Trade Act?
Answer:
- Ended Britain's participation in the slave trade but not slavery itself.
Flashcard 8: Which Enlightenment thinker criticized the slave trade in his writings?
Answer: Voltaire. Enlightenment philosopher who condemned slavery as morally wrong.
Flashcard 9: Which religious group was prominently involved in the abolitionist movement?
Answer: Quakers. Religious group that opposed slavery on moral and Christian grounds.
Flashcard 10: Which European country's colonies in the Americas had the largest number of enslaved Africans?
Answer: Portugal. Brazil received the largest number of enslaved Africans in the Americas.
Flashcard 11: What role did African leaders play in the slave trade?
Answer: Some participated by capturing and selling slaves. African rulers and merchants were essential partners in the slave trade.
Flashcard 12: Name the first European power to formally abolish the slave trade.
Answer: Denmark. Denmark banned slave trading in 1803, effective from 1808.
Flashcard 13: What was the primary labor performed by enslaved Africans in the Caribbean?
Answer: Sugar cultivation. Caribbean sugar plantations relied heavily on enslaved African labor.
Flashcard 14: Which European power established the first permanent settlement in Brazil?
Answer: Portugal. Portugal colonized Brazil and brought millions of enslaved Africans there.
Flashcard 15: What percentage of enslaved Africans did not survive the Middle Passage?
Answer: Approximately 15-20%. Horrific mortality rate due to disease, violence, and brutal conditions.
Flashcard 16: Identify the term used to describe the voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean.
Answer: The Middle Passage. The horrific journey across the Atlantic where millions died in ship holds.
Flashcard 17: Which European country first initiated the transatlantic slave trade?
Answer: Portugal. Began slave trading in the 15th century along the West African coast.
Flashcard 18: Identify the 19th-century movement dedicated to ending the slave trade.
Answer: Abolitionism. Movement that ultimately led to the end of legal slavery.
Flashcard 19: Which European city was known for its early abolitionist movements?
Answer: London. Center of British abolitionist activity and parliamentary campaigns.
Flashcard 20: What was the main economic motive for European involvement in the transatlantic slave trade?
Answer: To acquire cheap labor for plantations in the Americas. Plantation agriculture in the Caribbean and Americas required intensive manual labor.
Flashcard 21: Which economic theory justified European colonization and the slave trade?
Answer: Mercantilism. Economic theory that encouraged colonial exploitation for national profit.
Flashcard 22: What was a common condition experienced by enslaved Africans during the Middle Passage?
Answer: Overcrowding. Enslaved people were packed tightly in ship holds like cargo.
Flashcard 23: Identify the 19th-century British politician who was a leading abolitionist.
Answer: William Wilberforce. British MP who led the parliamentary campaign against slave trade.
Flashcard 24: Which industry in Europe significantly benefited from the slave trade?
Answer: The textile industry. Slave-produced cotton was essential for European textile manufacturing.
Flashcard 25: What was the primary factor leading to the decline of the transatlantic slave trade?
Answer: Growing abolitionist movements. Moral opposition to slavery grew stronger in the late 18th century.
Flashcard 26: Name the slave rebellion that took place in the French colony of Saint-Domingue.
Answer: The Haitian Revolution. 1791-1804 revolution that ended slavery and created independent Haiti.
Flashcard 27: Which European country's colonies in the Americas had the largest number of enslaved Africans?
Answer: Portugal. Brazil received the largest number of enslaved Africans in the Americas.
Flashcard 28: What was the Treaty of Utrecht's impact on the slave trade?
Answer: It granted Britain the asiento, a monopoly on slave trade to Spanish America. 1713 treaty gave Britain exclusive rights to supply Spanish colonies.
Flashcard 29: Which religious group was prominently involved in the abolitionist movement?
Answer: Quakers. Religious group that opposed slavery on moral and Christian grounds.
Flashcard 30: What was the legal status of children born to enslaved women in the Americas?
Answer: They were born into slavery. Children inherited the enslaved status of their mothers.