All flashcards
Flashcard 1: Which city became the financial center of Europe in the 17th century?
Answer: Amsterdam. Major hub for international banking and commerce.
Flashcard 2: Which innovation significantly improved navigation during the Age of Exploration?
Answer: Astrolabe. Enabled accurate celestial navigation for ocean voyages.
Flashcard 3: Which company was granted a monopoly over British trade with the East Indies?
Answer: British East India Company. Exclusive trading rights in Asian markets.
Flashcard 4: What was the primary economic activity of the British East India Company?
Answer: Trade of spices, textiles, and other goods. Primary function focused on profitable Asian commerce.
Flashcard 5: Identify the treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648.
Answer: Treaty of Westphalia. Established principle of state sovereignty in Europe.
Flashcard 6: Which European country established the first trading post in India?
Answer: Portugal. First European nation to establish direct Asian trade routes.
Flashcard 7: Name the economic theory that emphasizes the importance of a favorable balance of trade.
Answer: Mercantilism. Promoted export surplus to accumulate national wealth.
Flashcard 8: What commodity drove the Atlantic slave trade in the early modern period?
Answer: Sugar. High-value crop requiring intensive plantation labor.
Flashcard 9: Which innovation significantly improved navigation during the Age of Exploration?
Answer: Astrolabe. Enabled accurate celestial navigation for ocean voyages.
Flashcard 10: Identify the empire that dominated the spice trade in Southeast Asia during the 16th century.
Answer: Portuguese Empire. First to establish Asian trading posts and routes.
Flashcard 11: What was the primary goal of the Dutch East India Company (VOC)?
Answer: Monopolize spice trade in Asia. Sought to control profitable Asian spice markets.
Flashcard 12: What was the primary purpose of the Navigation Acts enacted by England?
Answer: Regulate colonial trade to benefit England. Ensured colonial trade flowed through England first.
Flashcard 13: Which city became the financial center of Europe in the 17th century?
Answer: Amsterdam. Major hub for international banking and commerce.
Flashcard 14: Name the treaty that granted the British control over Canada following the Seven Years' War.
Answer: Treaty of Paris (1763). Ended French colonial dominance in North America.
Flashcard 15: Identify the crop that led to the economic prosperity of the Virginia Colony.
Answer: Tobacco. High-value export crop driving colonial economy.
Flashcard 16: Which nation established the first stock exchange, the Amsterdam Stock Exchange?
Answer: Netherlands. Pioneered modern securities trading systems.
Flashcard 17: What was the primary driving force behind European exploration in the 15th century?
Answer: Desire for new trade routes to Asia. Sought to bypass Ottoman control of Asian trade.
Flashcard 18: Which precious metal was a major export from Spanish colonies in the Americas?
Answer: Silver. Massive influx disrupted European monetary systems.
Flashcard 19: Identify the economic practice of establishing colonies to provide raw materials to the mother country.
Answer: Colonialism. System extracting raw materials for metropolitan benefit.
Flashcard 20: Name the policy that aimed to limit foreign imports through high tariffs.
Answer: Protectionism. Protected domestic industries from foreign competition.
Flashcard 21: What was the primary agricultural product exported from the Caribbean colonies?
Answer: Sugar. Plantation crop driving Caribbean colonial economy.
Flashcard 22: Identify the type of ship that was crucial for long voyages in the Age of Exploration.
Answer: Caravel. Light, fast vessel ideal for oceanic exploration.
Flashcard 23: What was a key feature of mercantilist economic policy?
Answer: Accumulation of gold and silver. Bullion accumulation as measure of national wealth.
Flashcard 24: Which European country was the first to reach India by sea?
Answer: Portugal. Vasco da Gama's route around Africa in 1498.
Flashcard 25: What was the main economic activity in the French colonies in North America?
Answer: Fur trading. Beaver pelts were highly valued in European markets.
Flashcard 26: Identify the 18th-century economic system that emphasized minimal government intervention.
Answer: Laissez-faire capitalism. Free market philosophy opposing government trade controls.
Flashcard 27: Which Asian country was known for its silk trade during the global market rise?
Answer: China. Major producer of luxury textiles for global trade.
Flashcard 28: What economic factor drove the Spanish conquest of the Americas?
Answer: Search for gold and silver. Quest for precious metals motivated colonial expansion.
Flashcard 29: Which French port city became an important hub for transatlantic trade?
Answer: Bordeaux. Major Atlantic port for colonial trade operations.
Flashcard 30: Name the economic policy that promotes exporting more than importing.
Answer: Mercantilism. Trade surplus theory for national economic strength.