All flashcards
Flashcard 1: What year did the Council of Trent begin?
Answer:
- The council opened under Pope Paul III to address Church reform.
Flashcard 2: What key characteristic defined the Baroque style in architecture?
Answer: Ornate and grandiose designs. This style used elaborate decoration to inspire awe and devotion.
Flashcard 3: What was the main goal of the Catholic Reformation?
Answer: To reform the Church and counter Protestantism. The Church responded to Protestant challenges by clarifying doctrine and eliminating abuses.
Flashcard 4: What was the role of the Roman Inquisition during the Reformation?
Answer: To combat heresy and enforce Catholic doctrine. This tribunal investigated and prosecuted suspected heretics.
Flashcard 5: Name one of the key outcomes of the Council of Trent.
Answer: Reaffirmation of traditional Catholic beliefs. The council rejected Protestant theology and upheld traditional Catholic practices.
Flashcard 6: What was a major focus of the Jesuit order?
Answer: Education and missionary work. Jesuits established schools and missions worldwide to spread Catholicism.
Flashcard 7: What did the Council of Trent say about the authority of the Pope?
Answer: Reaffirmed papal supremacy. The council rejected Protestant challenges to papal authority over the Church.
Flashcard 8: Which document affirmed the Catholic doctrine during the Reformation?
Answer: Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent. These formal statements clarified Catholic teachings against Protestant challenges.
Flashcard 9: Identify the Pope who initiated the Council of Trent.
Answer: Pope Paul III. He convened the Council of Trent in 1545 to reform the Church.
Flashcard 10: Name one reform implemented by the Council of Trent regarding bishops.
Answer: Residency requirements for bishops. Bishops were required to live in their dioceses to provide proper leadership.
Flashcard 11: Identify the term for the Catholic Church's official list of prohibited books.
Answer: Index Librorum Prohibitorum. This Latin term means 'List of Prohibited Books' created to prevent heresy.
Flashcard 12: Which doctrine did the Council of Trent define regarding the Eucharist?
Answer: Transubstantiation. This teaching states that bread and wine become Christ's actual body and blood.
Flashcard 13: What religious practice did the Council of Trent uphold concerning confession?
Answer: Confession to a priest was necessary. The council rejected Protestant ideas about private confession to God alone.
Flashcard 14: What was the Council of Trent’s stance on indulgences?
Answer: Abuses were condemned; practice was upheld. The council reformed indulgence practices while maintaining their validity.
Flashcard 15: Which religious figure was canonized for his work in the Catholic Reformation?
Answer: Saint Charles Borromeo. He implemented Tridentine reforms as Archbishop of Milan.
Flashcard 16: Which sacrament did the Council of Trent emphasize as crucial for marriage?
Answer: Matrimony. Marriage was confirmed as one of the seven sacred sacraments.
Flashcard 17: Who was a prominent Jesuit missionary to Asia during the Reformation?
Answer: Saint Francis Xavier. He evangelized in India, Japan, and other Asian territories.
Flashcard 18: What religious practice did the Council of Trent uphold concerning confession?
Answer: Confession to a priest was necessary. The council rejected Protestant ideas about private confession to God alone.
Flashcard 19: What was the Council of Trent’s stance on indulgences?
Answer: Abuses were condemned; practice was upheld. The council reformed indulgence practices while maintaining their validity.
Flashcard 20: What was the Catholic Reformation's impact on music?
Answer: Increased use of liturgical music. Sacred music was enhanced to inspire worship and Counter-Reformation goals.
Flashcard 21: What is the term for the Catholic Church's effort to regain followers?
Answer: Counter-Reformation. This movement aimed to win back territories lost to Protestantism.
Flashcard 22: Which artist is known for his Baroque works during the Catholic Reformation?
Answer: Caravaggio. His dramatic religious paintings exemplified Counter-Reformation artistic ideals.
Flashcard 23: What did the Council of Trent declare about the Bible's interpretation?
Answer: Only the Church could interpret Scripture. This rejected Protestant belief in individual biblical interpretation.
Flashcard 24: Who was a major figure in reforming the Papal States during the Reformation?
Answer: Pope Paul IV. He implemented strict reforms and established the Roman Inquisition.
Flashcard 25: What was the role of the Jesuits in the Catholic Reformation?
Answer: To spread Catholicism and reform education. They founded schools globally and conducted missionary work.
Flashcard 26: Identify the Council of Trent's decision on clerical celibacy.
Answer: Clerical celibacy was reaffirmed. The council maintained that priests must remain unmarried.
Flashcard 27: Which religious figure was canonized for his work in the Catholic Reformation?
Answer: Saint Charles Borromeo. He implemented Tridentine reforms as Archbishop of Milan.
Flashcard 28: What was a common theme in Baroque art during the Catholic Reformation?
Answer: Dramatic expression and religious themes. Artists used intense emotion and biblical scenes to promote Catholic faith.
Flashcard 29: What did the Council of Trent affirm about the Latin Vulgate?
Answer: It was the official Catholic Bible. This Latin Bible translation was declared the Church's authoritative version.
Flashcard 30: Which Pope established the Roman Inquisition?
Answer: Pope Paul III. He created this institution in 1542 to combat heresy.