All flashcards
Flashcard 1: Identify the inventor of the electric light bulb.
Answer: Thomas Edison. Created the first practical incandescent light bulb for widespread use.
Flashcard 2: Who is known for the assembly line innovation in the automotive industry?
Answer: Henry Ford. Introduced mass production techniques that reduced manufacturing costs.
Flashcard 3: What was the primary material used in the construction of infrastructure during the Second Industrial Revolution?
Answer: Steel. Stronger and more durable than iron, enabling massive construction projects.
Flashcard 4: What was a significant social effect of the Second Industrial Revolution?
Answer: Rise of the working class. Industrial jobs created a distinct laboring class in urban centers.
Flashcard 5: Which industry's expansion was driven by the demand for kerosene and fuel oils?
Answer: Petroleum industry. Growing demand for lighting and fuel drove petroleum extraction.
Flashcard 6: Who is credited with the creation of the first practical telephone?
Answer: Alexander Graham Bell. Invented and patented the first commercially viable telephone system.
Flashcard 7: What innovation allowed for the mass production of automobiles?
Answer: Assembly line. Divided production into specialized steps, increasing efficiency dramatically.
Flashcard 8: What was a significant social effect of the Second Industrial Revolution?
Answer: Rise of the working class. Industrial jobs created a distinct laboring class in urban centers.
Flashcard 9: Which innovation in transportation involved the use of steel rails and steam locomotives?
Answer: Railroad expansion. Steel rails and locomotives enabled rapid long-distance transportation.
Flashcard 10: Who is credited with the discovery of electromagnetic induction?
Answer: Michael Faraday. His work on electromagnetism enabled electric motor and generator development.
Flashcard 11: What was the primary energy source for the Second Industrial Revolution?
Answer: Electricity. Replaced steam power as the dominant energy source for industrial production.
Flashcard 12: Name one key invention that significantly advanced communication during the Second Industrial Revolution.
Answer: Telephone. Enabled instant long-distance communication, revolutionizing business operations.
Flashcard 13: Which process, developed by Henry Bessemer, revolutionized steel production?
Answer: Bessemer Process. Removed impurities from molten iron, creating high-quality steel efficiently.
Flashcard 14: What term describes the large-scale movement of people from rural areas to cities?
Answer: Urbanization. Driven by industrial job opportunities and improved urban infrastructure.
Flashcard 15: Which German engineer is credited with inventing the first practical internal combustion engine?
Answer: Nikolaus Otto. Developed the four-stroke engine that became the standard for automobiles.
Flashcard 16: What innovation by Gottlieb Daimler contributed to the development of automobiles?
Answer: High-speed gasoline engine. Created a lightweight, efficient engine suitable for automotive applications.
Flashcard 17: Identify the term for the economic philosophy advocating minimal government interference in business.
Answer: Laissez-faire. Promoted free market capitalism with minimal government regulation.
Flashcard 18: Which innovation allowed for the rapid production of textiles during the Second Industrial Revolution?
Answer: Power loom. Mechanized weaving process, dramatically increasing textile production speed.
Flashcard 19: Name the Scottish-born inventor credited with the development of the telephone.
Answer: Alexander Graham Bell. Patented the first practical telephone for commercial communication.
Flashcard 20: Which chemical process, developed by Fritz Haber, revolutionized agriculture?
Answer: Haber-Bosch process. Produced ammonia for fertilizers, dramatically increasing agricultural yields.
Flashcard 21: Identify the English engineer who developed the steam turbine.
Answer: Charles Parsons. Improved steam engine efficiency for electrical power generation.
Flashcard 22: Which innovation in transportation involved the use of steel rails and steam locomotives?
Answer: Railroad expansion. Steel rails and locomotives enabled rapid long-distance transportation.
Flashcard 23: What innovation allowed for the mass production of automobiles?
Answer: Assembly line. Divided production into specialized steps, increasing efficiency dramatically.
Flashcard 24: Name the device that enabled the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Answer: Dynamo. Generated electricity from mechanical motion for industrial power systems.
Flashcard 25: Identify the primary economic system that emerged during the Second Industrial Revolution.
Answer: Capitalism. Private ownership and profit-driven production became the dominant system.
Flashcard 26: Which advancement in chemistry led to the development of synthetic dyes?
Answer: Aniline dye synthesis. Created artificial colors for textiles, replacing expensive natural dyes.
Flashcard 27: What was the primary transportation method that expanded urban areas?
Answer: Electric streetcar. Electric-powered public transit enabled cities to expand outward.
Flashcard 28: Name one major consequence of the Second Industrial Revolution on global trade.
Answer: Expansion of international markets. Improved transportation and communication connected global economies.
Flashcard 29: Identify the country that led the world in industrial production by the early 20th century.
Answer: United States. Surpassed Britain as the world's leading industrial power by 1900.
Flashcard 30: What was a key social change resulting from the Second Industrial Revolution?
Answer: Increased urbanization. Factory jobs drew millions from rural areas to industrial cities.