All flashcards
Flashcard 1: Identify the Romantic painter known for dramatic seascapes and atmospheric light: J. M. W. Turner or Jacques-Louis David?
Answer: J. M. W. Turner. His swirling, atmospheric style embodied Romantic sublime.
Flashcard 2: Which political ideology was commonly strengthened by Romantic emphasis on folk culture and history?
Answer: Nationalism. Folk traditions became symbols of national identity.
Flashcard 3: What is the Romantic view of nature as a source of meaning?
Answer: Nature as spiritually revealing and morally instructive, not merely mechanical. Contrasted with Enlightenment's mechanistic worldview.
Flashcard 4: What is the Romantic ideal of the individual often called in European culture?
Answer: The heroic or Byronic individual. Emphasized exceptional individuals defying social norms.
Flashcard 5: Which painter is a leading German Romantic known for solitary figures and vast landscapes?
Answer: Caspar David Friedrich. Wanderer Above the Sea of Fog captures Romantic solitude.
Flashcard 6: Which two German collectors exemplify Romantic interest in folklore and oral tradition?
Answer: The Brothers Grimm. Collected fairy tales to preserve German cultural heritage.
Flashcard 7: Which English poet is most associated with early Romantic celebration of common life and nature?
Answer: William Wordsworth. His poetry emphasized emotion recollected in tranquility.
Flashcard 8: Which painter is a leading French Romantic known for dramatic color and revolutionary themes?
Answer: Eugène Delacroix. Liberty Leading the People epitomizes Romantic passion.
Flashcard 9: Which composer most exemplifies the Romantic ideal of the artist as a suffering genius?
Answer: Ludwig van Beethoven. His symphonies expressed personal struggle and triumph.
Flashcard 10: Which German writer is a key Romantic figure whose works emphasize feeling and the inner self?
Answer: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Faust explores limitless striving and inner experience.
Flashcard 11: Which French novelist is most associated with Romanticism and major historical fiction in France?
Answer: Victor Hugo. Les Misérables exemplifies Romantic social consciousness.
Flashcard 12: Which British poet is most closely linked to the archetype of the rebellious Romantic hero?
Answer: Lord Byron. His life and poetry embodied Romantic individualism.
Flashcard 13: What is meant by Romantic nationalism in early nineteenth-century Europe?
Answer: Nationhood grounded in shared language, history, and folk traditions. Herder's ideas linked cultural identity to organic communities.
Flashcard 14: Which method of studying the past did Romanticism help popularize in scholarship?
Answer: Historicism (understanding societies in their unique historical contexts). Rejected universal laws for unique cultural development.
Flashcard 15: Which option best matches Romantic subject matter: mythic-medieval past or Greco-Roman civic virtue?
Answer: Mythic-medieval past. Medieval themes offered escape from modern rationalism.
Flashcard 16: Which option best fits Romantic aesthetics: strict symmetry or expressive irregularity?
Answer: Expressive irregularity. Romantics valued spontaneity over classical rules.
Flashcard 17: Identify the artistic movement that is the clearest stylistic opposite of Romanticism in this period.
Answer: Neoclassicism. Emphasized order and restraint versus emotion and freedom.
Flashcard 18: What is Romanticism in early nineteenth-century Europe, in one precise definition?
Answer: A movement privileging emotion, imagination, nature, and individualism over reason. Rejected Enlightenment rationalism for feeling and intuition.
Flashcard 19: Which earlier movement did Romanticism most directly react against in European thought?
Answer: The Enlightenment. Romantics opposed its emphasis on reason and universal laws.
Flashcard 20: Which economic-social change is Romanticism often understood as reacting against?
Answer: Industrialization and the social dislocations of the Industrial Revolution. Romantics saw industry as destroying traditional ways and nature.
Flashcard 21: What is the Romantic concept of the sublime in art and literature?
Answer: Awe mixed with terror before vast, powerful nature or forces beyond control. Edmund Burke's concept influenced Romantic aesthetics.
Flashcard 22: What is Francisco Goya’s significance for Romanticism and its darker themes?
Answer: Exposed war’s brutality and human irrationality; pioneered dark Romantic imagery. Third of May 1808 showed emotion trumping heroic idealization.
Flashcard 23: What is Romanticism in AP European History, stated as a broad cultural and intellectual movement?
Answer: Movement stressing emotion, imagination, and nature over Enlightenment rationalism. Reaction against 18th-century emphasis on logic and scientific method.
Flashcard 24: What Enlightenment-era value did Romanticism most directly reject in art and thought?
Answer: Faith in reason, order, and universal rules as primary guides. Romantics valued feeling and intuition over systematic logic.
Flashcard 25: What is the Romantic concept of the sublime in nature?
Answer: Awe and terror before vast, powerful nature that overwhelms reason. Edmund Burke's concept: beauty mixed with fear creates transcendence.
Flashcard 26: What is the Romantic view of the individual (especially the artist or hero)?
Answer: Unique genius whose inner feelings and creativity are authoritative. Contrasts with Enlightenment's universal human nature.
Flashcard 27: What is the Romantic musical ideal often emphasized in nineteenth-century composition?
Answer: Expressive, programmatic music aiming to depict emotion, stories, or nature. Berlioz's Symphonie Fantastique exemplifies this approach.
Flashcard 28: Identify the best Romantic descriptor for art: A) symmetry and restraint B) emotion and imagination C) scientific realism?
Answer: B) Emotion and imagination. Neoclassicism (A) and Realism (C) opposed Romantic ideals.
Flashcard 29: What is the relationship between Romanticism and the French Revolution’s legacy in culture?
Answer: It channeled revolutionary ideals into emotion, liberty, and heroic struggle themes. Post-1789 disillusionment with reason fueled emotional expression.
Flashcard 30: Which option best matches Romantic architecture and taste: A) Gothic revival B) strict Greek columns C) Baroque illusionism?
Answer: A) Gothic revival. Medieval Gothic expressed mystery and spiritual yearning.