Protestant Reform Continues - AP European History
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Who was Martin Luther?
Who was Martin Luther?
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A German monk who initiated the Protestant Reformation. Posted 95 Theses in 1517 challenging Catholic practices.
A German monk who initiated the Protestant Reformation. Posted 95 Theses in 1517 challenging Catholic practices.
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What was the Jesuit Order's primary mission?
What was the Jesuit Order's primary mission?
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To spread Catholicism and counter the Reformation. Elite Catholic order focused on education and missionary work.
To spread Catholicism and counter the Reformation. Elite Catholic order focused on education and missionary work.
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Who was Ignatius of Loyola?
Who was Ignatius of Loyola?
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The founder of the Jesuit Order. Spanish soldier turned priest who founded the Society of Jesus.
The founder of the Jesuit Order. Spanish soldier turned priest who founded the Society of Jesus.
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Which reformer is associated with the concept of 'justification by faith alone'?
Which reformer is associated with the concept of 'justification by faith alone'?
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Martin Luther. Central Lutheran doctrine rejecting salvation through good works alone.
Martin Luther. Central Lutheran doctrine rejecting salvation through good works alone.
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What was the Act of Supremacy (1534)?
What was the Act of Supremacy (1534)?
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It declared the King of England the head of the Church of England. Replaced papal authority with royal supremacy over English church.
It declared the King of England the head of the Church of England. Replaced papal authority with royal supremacy over English church.
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Which event marked the beginning of the Thirty Years' War?
Which event marked the beginning of the Thirty Years' War?
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The Defenestration of Prague. Catholic officials thrown from Prague castle window in 1618.
The Defenestration of Prague. Catholic officials thrown from Prague castle window in 1618.
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What was the Jesuit Order's primary mission?
What was the Jesuit Order's primary mission?
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To spread Catholicism and counter the Reformation. Elite Catholic order focused on education and missionary work.
To spread Catholicism and counter the Reformation. Elite Catholic order focused on education and missionary work.
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What did the Peace of Augsburg fail to recognize?
What did the Peace of Augsburg fail to recognize?
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Calvinism as a legitimate faith. Only recognized Lutheran and Catholic faiths, excluding Reformed churches.
Calvinism as a legitimate faith. Only recognized Lutheran and Catholic faiths, excluding Reformed churches.
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Who was John Calvin?
Who was John Calvin?
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A French theologian and reformer in Geneva. Developed predestination doctrine and established theocracy in Geneva.
A French theologian and reformer in Geneva. Developed predestination doctrine and established theocracy in Geneva.
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What was the impact of the Reformation on education?
What was the impact of the Reformation on education?
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Increased emphasis on literacy and schools. Protestant emphasis on Bible reading promoted popular education.
Increased emphasis on literacy and schools. Protestant emphasis on Bible reading promoted popular education.
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What document did Martin Luther famously publish in 1517?
What document did Martin Luther famously publish in 1517?
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The Ninety-Five Theses. Challenged indulgence sales and sparked the Protestant Reformation.
The Ninety-Five Theses. Challenged indulgence sales and sparked the Protestant Reformation.
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What was the outcome of the Marburg Colloquy?
What was the outcome of the Marburg Colloquy?
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Luther and Zwingli failed to agree on the Eucharist. Theological disagreement prevented unified Protestant front against Catholics.
Luther and Zwingli failed to agree on the Eucharist. Theological disagreement prevented unified Protestant front against Catholics.
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What did the Edict of Worms declare?
What did the Edict of Worms declare?
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Luther was a heretic and enemy of the state. Imperial decree outlawed Luther throughout Holy Roman Empire.
Luther was a heretic and enemy of the state. Imperial decree outlawed Luther throughout Holy Roman Empire.
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Who succeeded Henry VIII and continued the Protestant Reformation in England?
Who succeeded Henry VIII and continued the Protestant Reformation in England?
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Edward VI. Henry's son advanced Protestant reforms with Cranmer's guidance.
Edward VI. Henry's son advanced Protestant reforms with Cranmer's guidance.
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How did Queen Elizabeth I contribute to the English Reformation?
How did Queen Elizabeth I contribute to the English Reformation?
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Established the Elizabethan Religious Settlement. Moderate Protestant compromise balancing Catholic and Reformed elements.
Established the Elizabethan Religious Settlement. Moderate Protestant compromise balancing Catholic and Reformed elements.
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Who was the founder of the Presbyterian Church?
Who was the founder of the Presbyterian Church?
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John Knox. Scottish reformer established Calvinist Presbyterian church structure there.
John Knox. Scottish reformer established Calvinist Presbyterian church structure there.
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What was the primary focus of the Catholic Reformation?
What was the primary focus of the Catholic Reformation?
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Internal reform and combatting Protestantism. Institutional renewal combined with active opposition to Protestant expansion.
Internal reform and combatting Protestantism. Institutional renewal combined with active opposition to Protestant expansion.
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What did the Index of Forbidden Books aim to do?
What did the Index of Forbidden Books aim to do?
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Prohibit the reading of certain heretical texts. Catholic censorship tool preventing spread of Protestant literature.
Prohibit the reading of certain heretical texts. Catholic censorship tool preventing spread of Protestant literature.
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Who was Ulrich Zwingli?
Who was Ulrich Zwingli?
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A Swiss reformer who led the Reformation in Zurich. Reformed Zurich independently from Luther, emphasizing symbolic communion.
A Swiss reformer who led the Reformation in Zurich. Reformed Zurich independently from Luther, emphasizing symbolic communion.
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What was a key difference between Lutheran and Calvinist theology?
What was a key difference between Lutheran and Calvinist theology?
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Calvinism emphasized predestination more strongly. Calvin stressed divine election while Luther emphasized justification.
Calvinism emphasized predestination more strongly. Calvin stressed divine election while Luther emphasized justification.
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What was the significance of the Edict of Nantes (1598)?
What was the significance of the Edict of Nantes (1598)?
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It granted religious tolerance to Huguenots in France. Ended French Wars of Religion by protecting Protestant rights.
It granted religious tolerance to Huguenots in France. Ended French Wars of Religion by protecting Protestant rights.
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What does the term 'Protestant' refer to?
What does the term 'Protestant' refer to?
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Followers of the reformed churches breaking from Catholicism. Originally meant those protesting Catholic practices at imperial diets.
Followers of the reformed churches breaking from Catholicism. Originally meant those protesting Catholic practices at imperial diets.
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Who led the Scottish Reformation?
Who led the Scottish Reformation?
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John Knox. Calvinist minister who established Presbyterian Church in Scotland.
John Knox. Calvinist minister who established Presbyterian Church in Scotland.
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What was the Schmalkaldic League?
What was the Schmalkaldic League?
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A defensive alliance of Lutheran princes. Protected Lutheran territories from Catholic Habsburg persecution.
A defensive alliance of Lutheran princes. Protected Lutheran territories from Catholic Habsburg persecution.
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What document did Martin Luther famously publish in 1517?
What document did Martin Luther famously publish in 1517?
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The Ninety-Five Theses. Challenged indulgence sales and sparked the Protestant Reformation.
The Ninety-Five Theses. Challenged indulgence sales and sparked the Protestant Reformation.
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Identify the primary criticism in Luther's Ninety-Five Theses.
Identify the primary criticism in Luther's Ninety-Five Theses.
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The sale of indulgences. Luther condemned paying money for forgiveness of sins.
The sale of indulgences. Luther condemned paying money for forgiveness of sins.
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Who was John Calvin?
Who was John Calvin?
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A French theologian and reformer in Geneva. Developed predestination doctrine and established theocracy in Geneva.
A French theologian and reformer in Geneva. Developed predestination doctrine and established theocracy in Geneva.
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What is predestination in Calvinism?
What is predestination in Calvinism?
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The belief that God has preordained salvation for some. Calvin taught God predetermined who would be saved eternally.
The belief that God has preordained salvation for some. Calvin taught God predetermined who would be saved eternally.
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Which English monarch initiated the English Reformation?
Which English monarch initiated the English Reformation?
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King Henry VIII. Broke from Rome to divorce Catherine of Aragon and remarry.
King Henry VIII. Broke from Rome to divorce Catherine of Aragon and remarry.
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What was the main theological difference between Luther and Zwingli?
What was the main theological difference between Luther and Zwingli?
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The nature of the Eucharist. Luther saw symbolic presence; Zwingli viewed purely symbolic communion.
The nature of the Eucharist. Luther saw symbolic presence; Zwingli viewed purely symbolic communion.
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