All flashcards
Flashcard 1: What was the primary humanitarian justification for imperialism?
Answer: Spreading Christianity and Western values. Missionary activity justified cultural and religious imperialism.
Flashcard 2: What was the economic system that increased European interest in colonies?
Answer: Capitalism. Industrial system requiring global markets and resources.
Flashcard 3: Which European country controlled the Congo Free State?
Answer: Belgium. King Leopold II's personal colony with brutal exploitation.
Flashcard 4: Which African leader successfully resisted European colonization?
Answer: Menelik II of Ethiopia. Defeated Italian forces at Battle of Adwa in 1896.
Flashcard 5: Which Asian country was partitioned into spheres of influence?
Answer: China. Divided into exclusive zones controlled by foreign powers.
Flashcard 6: What was the primary goal of the Open Door Policy?
Answer: Equal trade rights in China. U.S. policy preventing Chinese trade monopolization by Europeans.
Flashcard 7: What was the main focus of Cecil Rhodes' imperialist ambitions?
Answer: Expansion in Southern Africa. British businessman envisioned Cape-to-Cairo railway empire.
Flashcard 8: What was the impact of the Suez Canal on imperialism?
Answer: Shortened sea route to Asia. Reduced travel time and enhanced strategic control of trade.
Flashcard 9: Which ideology promoted the survival of the fittest among nations in imperialism?
Answer: Social Darwinism. Applied evolutionary theory to justify imperial competition.
Flashcard 10: Identify one method used by European powers to control colonies.
Answer: Direct rule. European officials administered colonies with local assistance.
Flashcard 11: What was the effect of the Berlin Conference on African borders?
Answer: Arbitrary borders were drawn. Ignored ethnic and tribal boundaries, creating future conflicts.
Flashcard 12: Name the African region that resisted European colonization until the 20th century.
Answer: Ethiopia. Successfully maintained independence until Italian invasion 1935.
Flashcard 13: Which two countries almost went to war over the Fashoda Incident?
Answer: France and Britain. 1898 colonial confrontation nearly led to European war.
Flashcard 14: What was an immediate consequence of the Sepoy Rebellion?
Answer: The British Crown took control of India. 1857 uprising led to direct British government rule.
Flashcard 15: What was an immediate consequence of the Sepoy Rebellion?
Answer: The British Crown took control of India. 1857 uprising led to direct British government rule.
Flashcard 16: Identify the ideology that justified European imperialism as a civilizing mission.
Answer: The White Man's Burden. Rudyard Kipling's poem justifying imperial expansion as moral duty.
Flashcard 17: What was the political motivation behind European countries acquiring colonies?
Answer: To increase national prestige and power. Colonial empires demonstrated strength and status on world stage.
Flashcard 18: Which continent was primarily targeted during the New Imperialism period?
Answer: Africa. Focus of the late 19th-century European colonial expansion.
Flashcard 19: What role did technology play in New Imperialism?
Answer: Facilitated control and exploitation of colonies. Superior weapons, transport, and communication enabled dominance.
Flashcard 20: Name the conference that regulated European colonization in Africa.
Answer: The Berlin Conference. 1884-85 meeting that partitioned Africa among European powers.
Flashcard 21: Which ideology promoted the survival of the fittest among nations in imperialism?
Answer: Social Darwinism. Applied evolutionary theory to justify imperial competition.
Flashcard 22: What term describes the division of Africa by European powers?
Answer: The Scramble for Africa. Rapid partitioning of African continent in late 1800s.
Flashcard 23: Identify one method used by European powers to control colonies.
Answer: Direct rule. European officials administered colonies with local assistance.
Flashcard 24: Which technological advancement was crucial for New Imperialism?
Answer: The steam engine. Powered ships and railways, enabling rapid colonial expansion.
Flashcard 25: What was the impact of the Suez Canal on imperialism?
Answer: Shortened sea route to Asia. Reduced travel time and enhanced strategic control of trade.
Flashcard 26: Which British policy exemplified indirect rule in Africa?
Answer: The use of local rulers. Governed through existing traditional authorities and structures.
Flashcard 27: What was the effect of the Berlin Conference on African borders?
Answer: Arbitrary borders were drawn. Ignored ethnic and tribal boundaries, creating future conflicts.
Flashcard 28: Name the African region that resisted European colonization until the 20th century.
Answer: Ethiopia. Successfully maintained independence until Italian invasion 1935.
Flashcard 29: Which two countries almost went to war over the Fashoda Incident?
Answer: France and Britain. 1898 colonial confrontation nearly led to European war.
Flashcard 30: Identify the key economic theory supporting imperialism.
Answer: Mercantilism. Economic policy emphasizing favorable trade balance through colonies.