All flashcards
Flashcard 1: What was the primary goal of the League of Three Emperors?
Answer: Maintain conservative order in Europe. Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia against liberalism.
Flashcard 2: Which 1866 war helped unify northern German states under Prussian rule?
Answer: Austro-Prussian War. Excluded Austria from German affairs and created North German Confederation.
Flashcard 3: Identify the city where the German Empire was proclaimed in 1871.
Answer: Versailles. Symbolic location in French palace for German Empire proclamation.
Flashcard 4: What political ideology was a driving force behind 19th-century European unifications?
Answer: Nationalism. Belief that nations should form independent, unified states.
Flashcard 5: What was the primary diplomatic strategy used by Bismarck to isolate France?
Answer: Alliance System. Created network of treaties to prevent French revenge coalition.
Flashcard 6: In what year was the Austro-Hungarian Compromise signed?
Answer:
- Created dual monarchy giving Hungary equal status with Austria.
Flashcard 7: What region did Italy gain from Austria in 1866?
Answer: Venetia. Acquired as reward for supporting Prussia against Austria.
Flashcard 8: Identify the city where the German Empire was proclaimed in 1871.
Answer: Versailles. Symbolic location in French palace for German Empire proclamation.
Flashcard 9: What is the term for the political movement aiming for a unified Italy?
Answer: Risorgimento. Italian national revival movement meaning 'resurgence' or 'rising again'.
Flashcard 10: Who was the king of Italy at the time of unification?
Answer: Victor Emmanuel II. Piedmontese king who became first ruler of unified Italy.
Flashcard 11: What region did Italy gain from Austria in 1866?
Answer: Venetia. Acquired as reward for supporting Prussia against Austria.
Flashcard 12: What was the main goal of the Second Schleswig War?
Answer: Annexation of Schleswig and Holstein. Prussia and Austria defeated Denmark to gain these duchies.
Flashcard 13: Which event marked the end of the Papal States?
Answer: Capture of Rome. Italian troops entered Rome when French garrison withdrew in 1870.
Flashcard 14: What was the primary outcome of the Franco-Prussian War for France?
Answer: Loss of Alsace-Lorraine. Territory ceded to Germany after French defeat in 1871.
Flashcard 15: What year did the Austro-Prussian War occur?
Answer:
- Seven Weeks' War resulted in Prussian dominance over Austria.
Flashcard 16: Which treaty concluded the Austro-Prussian War?
Answer: Treaty of Prague. Ended Seven Weeks' War and excluded Austria from Germany.
Flashcard 17: Name the alliance formed by Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy in 1882.
Answer: Triple Alliance. Defensive alliance to counter French and Russian threats.
Flashcard 18: What year marked the end of the Holy Roman Empire?
Answer:
- Napoleon's victories dissolved the medieval German empire structure.
Flashcard 19: What significant event did the Ems Telegram precipitate?
Answer: Franco-Prussian War. Bismarck's edited dispatch provoked French declaration of war.
Flashcard 20: Who was the Austrian Emperor during the Ausgleich of 1867?
Answer: Franz Joseph I. Agreed to compromise creating dual monarchy with Hungary.
Flashcard 21: What year did the Treaty of Villafranca occur?
Answer:
- Ended Second Italian War of Independence between France-Piedmont and Austria.
Flashcard 22: Which Congress redrew the map of Europe after the Napoleonic Wars?
Answer: Congress of Vienna. Established post-Napoleonic European order from 1814-1815.
Flashcard 23: What was the primary goal of the Congress of Vienna?
Answer: Restore balance of power. Prevented any single power from dominating Europe again.
Flashcard 24: What was the main objective of the Zollverein in 19th-century Germany?
Answer: Economic unity among German states. Prussian-led customs union promoted German economic integration.
Flashcard 25: What political ideology was a driving force behind 19th-century European unifications?
Answer: Nationalism. Belief that nations should form independent, unified states.
Flashcard 26: What was the result of the Crimean War for Russia?
Answer: Loss of influence in the Balkans. Defeat weakened Russian prestige and Black Sea position.
Flashcard 27: Identify the treaty that established the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary.
Answer: Austro-Hungarian Compromise. Formal agreement creating the Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy system.
Flashcard 28: Which war led to the dissolution of the German Confederation?
Answer: Austro-Prussian War. Prussian victory ended Austrian influence in German affairs.
Flashcard 29: What was the primary purpose of the Ems Dispatch?
Answer: Provoking the Franco-Prussian War. Bismarck's edited telegram inflamed French opinion against Prussia.
Flashcard 30: Who was the prominent leader of the Red Shirts in Italy?
Answer: Giuseppe Garibaldi. Charismatic revolutionary who conquered southern Italy for unification.